BUS205 MOD 3 CA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BUS205 MOD 3 CA - Essay Example Clear agreements are obvious across McDonalds’ activities. They go from provisions, transportation to client support contracts. A predominant clear agreement vital to the tasks of McDonalds is diversifying. McDonalds permits different gatherings other than its organizers to possess and run McDonalds eateries around the globe. All McDonalds’ stores are anyway dependent upon the guideline and control of the top administration and the McDonalds Corporation. This implies freak rehearses from those of McDonalds Corporation are not satisfactory. Diversifying ranges from purchasing, renting to co-working McDonalds stores. The offer of products and ventures is dependent upon laws that look to direct and control the fundamental exchanges. A basic law to represent is the Uniform Commercial Code (White and Summers 130). This code is fundamentally a law that administers the offer of items and administrations. The code is comprised of various articles, every one of which tends to a particular issue preceding exchanges that include offer of products and enterprises. In the McDonalds setting, article 2 of the UCC is assessed concerning McDonalds’ clear agreement in diversifying. McDonald’s utilizes three diverse diversifying techniques. These are: regular establishment, business offices rent (BFL) and joint endeavor diversifying (Shaw and Lafontaine 1041). The primary technique is a twenty-year rent of the company’s stores. The subsequent one includes an agreement where the organization sells it stores to potential purchasers. At long last, the third technique is essentially the association of the company and its partner parties in an offer to extend and spread McDonalds’ activities. Article 2 of the UCC accommodates the offer of merchandise as it were. The article doesn't accommodate any help contracts. The basic part of this article is that a decent is characterized as a thing that is recognizable and versatile at the hour of offer (White and Summers 237). In such manner, some diversifying

Web Design for Selling Self

Website composition for Selling Self Presentation This is a report about a Web website structure for selling independently published books. The site gives different books in different parts of solid living. Clients can download the digital book at a fee.Advertising We will compose a custom evaluation test on Web Design for Selling Self-Published Books explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many scholars have depended on independently publishing and there is a developing interest for an online business to sell such books. Selling computerized books on the Web website has become productive due to the enormous market all through the world and an absence of physical stock. The proprietor additionally has a choice of directing the business from any piece of the world with the Internet association. The digital books will be helpful to clients and influence their living propensities. Objective Definition The point of this venture is to make a Web website for selling independently published books that will draw in more youthful ages who have interests in different themes about. The Web website ought to have in excess of 500 guests in a month. Prerequisites The need to deal independently published books has expanded with the turn of events and availability of the Internet advancements. The Web webpage will utilize viable installment choices that are accessible in different pieces of the world than what different organizations offer. The Web website will have the accompanying necessities so as to guarantee proficient administrations to guests and clients (Eccher 30).Advertising Looking for evaluation on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The guest can begin by perusing the accessible digital books regarding the matter of premium. The site may likewise propose different books of enthusiasm for the guest. Guests who are individuals from the Web website can sign in their records by utilizing their client name a nd secret phrase. New clients can enlist new records at the Web webpage at no expense. Be that as it may, clients who wish not to enlist may investigate the accessible digital books, however they can't buy any thing from the site. Clients who have signed into their records can put in their requests by determining the necessary digital books, the quantity of duplicates required and other significant subtleties, and afterward adding them to the truck. The framework will confirm request subtleties and furnish the client with the sum to pay for the things. If there should be an occurrence of any test, the framework trains the client to change a portion of the subtleties. The client may rehash the procedure until any longer difficulties can't be taken note. The framework will likewise confirm that the client has put in the correct request, check the nature of the digital book. The client will likewise indicate the organization of the digital book and the kind of document, (for example, P DF, html, rtf,.doc and so on). The client may then execute the installment of the things by entering the suitable installment subtleties. The framework will bolster various alternatives need Mastercards, VISA, PayPal, and other e-pay arrangements. Costs of all things will be in the US dollar comparable. The framework must check all installment subtleties and set up the user’s personality so as to secure clients. When the client has executed the installment, the person in question will get an affirmation message through notice outskirt in the record, individual email, and telephone number. Moreover, the framework sends the message to the division to impact the transaction.Advertising We will compose a custom appraisal test on Web Design for Selling Self-Published Books explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More After this procedure, the framework at that point sends the digital book to the client gave email to download or the client can get the digital book in the record the person in question opened with the organization. Before the exchange is finished, clients likewise get an opportunity to end the exchange. Guest The framework will likewise give chances to clients to give their input and recommendations on the best way to improve administrations, the Web webpage, and some other region important to them. Fig. 1: Use case graph The utilization case outline speaks to the phases of making the online digital book exchanges. It shows the extent of the Web webpage, practical regions, and potential collaborations between the guests and the Web website (Ambler 1). The significant players in these procedures are: Customer: the client or the guest is the significant player in this procedure. The organization gives chances to a client in another area to buy the book by means of the online technique. Director: the chairman can control the whole procedure of the customer’s communication with the framework. He additionally plays the job of the fr amework administrator and supports the whole procedure associated with digital book buy. The chairman confirms all the subtleties and cooperates with the client during the buy process.Advertising Searching for appraisal on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Database server: the database server stores the members’ personalities and different subtleties. It is likewise significant during the enrollment of another part. Web server: the Web server contains subtleties of digital books, costs, shopping basket, address, remark regions, rating, email addresses, and other significant parts of the Web webpage. Clients start the procedure by signing on to the framework. Then again, new guests can enlist and become a part. The client can peruse the accessible books, audit their substance, and pick the appropriate book. What's more, the client can survey the book, rate, and include their remarks. The client chooses the digital book of intrigue and adds it to the truck. If there should be an occurrence of any test, the client can make changes to the request. He can see expenses of the thing, which the framework sends to the director. The client would then be able to start installment by utilizing any of the bolstered strategies. After confirma tion techniques and installment, the overseer can affirm the installment and send the digital book to the client. The client may get the book in his record with the organization or in his own email account. Fig. 2: Online digital book buying forms Site Plan Logical Structure The coherent structure has accepted a straightforward structure (Booch, Rumbaugh and Jacobson 82). Be that as it may, this structure may change as the plan may procure new highlights. The site progressive system has the whole regular navigational connections. Likewise, topical connections are additionally a piece of the structure. In any case, the site maintains a strategic distance from complex plan to upgrade ease of use and route. Guests can explore the site openly and move starting with one substance then onto the next. For example, clients can skip ‘About Us’ and rise above to ‘Product’ without going through different territories. The site plan is clear, straightforward, and concre te. In this way, it is straightforward for guests to explore starting with one menu then onto the next without encounters difficulties of being lost. Plan Prototype The plan is intelligent to permit the Web website to convey the whole structure, substance, and usefulness with other part is a way gives simplicity of change, utilization, and converging without specialized difficulties. This model shows interactive components of HTML areas, which clients can explore while in the site. The plan will likewise have the important feel, pictures, and typography that coordinate a digital book Web webpage. The page has footer and header. At the Home page, there are likewise choices for Register for new guests or Member Log for existing clients. At the Footer, there are catches with joins about Contact Us, Social media association, Pricing, Help, and FAQ. The Contact Us connect drives the client to the company’s email address and telephone number and physical area. Clients have the alte rnative of utilizing any of the strategies. Under the Pricing tab, client can see every thing with its sticker price. In the event that a client has difficulties, there is a connection for help of FAQs. At whatever point the client taps on the Register button, the enrollment page will spring up with all the fields for individual detail prerequisites and other related data. The procedure is straight to permit clients to follow a basic procedure of enrollment. Clients must enter their last names, first names, email address, zip (if material), telephone number, physical location, and nation. The client should then enter the secret word and affirm it by retyping a similar secret key. If there should arise an occurrence of any mistake, the framework will feature the area with the issue, and the clients can roll out the necessary improvements. After this procedure, clients would then be able to tap the catch ‘finish registration’. It will show that the enrollment is effective , and the framework naturally guides the new client to member’s page. Be that as it may, clients can likewise drop their enrollment by tapping the enlistment button. The Login page drives the client to where they can enter their client email locations and secret key so as to access their record and member’s page. Clients have the alternative of ‘remember my sign in details’, which they can affirm or dismiss. The framework likewise has a Log out catch for clients who have finished their exchanges. Once in the member’s territory or in the record segment, clients can peruse the accessible rundown of digital books, surveys, and evaluations. Client can likewise include remarks and rate a book. They can pick a book of their inclinations and audit its substance before settling on a choice to buy. Clients can tap on the expel catch to expel a thing from a rundown, or they can tap on the drop catch to desert the whole procedure. The client can make the reque st and determine the amount. All things have their sticker prices. The framework has programmed absolute value estimation, which the client can see at the base of the rundown. The installment button permits the client to enter their installment data dependent on the favored strategy. They can likewise drop the exchange at this stage. The value rundown and complete cost are noticeable to t

Librarian Nancy Pearl Picks 7 Books For Summer Reading Critical Linking, June 22, 2018

Librarian Nancy Pearl Picks 7 Books For Summer Reading Critical Linking, June 22, 2018 Critical Linking is sponsored by The Art of Escaping by Erin Callahan. Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl shares her under-the-radar reading recommendations with  Morning Editions Steve Inskeep. This years picks include mysteries, nonfiction and a fantasy story for young readers. Cant go wrong with a well-loved librarians picks for summer reading.   ____________________ The books we read as teenagers have the potential to shape the type of adults we become (we’ll never forget the first time we read  Harry Potter  and discovered we were a Gryffindor). Here, 21 books that will help every Gen Z-er become the best version of himself or herself. Might not be anything new or revolutionary here, but a really solid list of must-read books for teenagers.   ____________________ Playwright Lin-Manuel Miranda, author Roxane Gay and Olympic skater Michelle Kwan are among those contributing essays to an anthology about navigating between cultures. American Like Me will feature stories from those trying find an identity in a culture that often underrepresents or ignores their experiences. This anthology sounds fantastic.   Sign up to Today In Books to receive  daily news and miscellany from the world of books. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

The Common German Verbs Always Take the Dative Case

Video Games Effects On Teenagers - 1716 Words

â€Å"Every age has its storytelling form, and video gaming is a huge part of our culture. You can ignore or embrace video games and imbue them with the best artistic quality. People are enthralled with video games in the same way as other people love the cinema or theatre† (Serkis, n.d.). Video games have shot onto the scene within the past 50 years. With technology advancing as fast as it has today, video games are becoming more and more realistic, as well as inherently more violent. The pressing question of today’s video games is, are they good or bad for the people that play them? Many tests have shown that video games effect the thoughts, social life, school life, and health of teenagers in many different ways. Over the past 15 years there has been increasing concern about how video games are affecting teenagers thoughts and behavior. Because of the increased violence in video games today, some people are wondering if these games are driving young people to a place they should not be going. Also, could these video games potentially become an addiction? Dopamine, a neurotransmitter that is responsible for the feel-good, reward part of the brain occurs naturally in all of us. Andrew, E (2016) stated studies have shown that people who play video games tend to also show a high amount of dopamine release in their brain. This is most likely due to the rewards that are available when playing different video games. These could include leveling up, rising up a rank board or evenShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Video Games On Teenagers909 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Video Games Video games are good tools to relax after hours of working and studying. In moderate doses, video games can keep teenagers’ lives balanced between academics and entertainment. If they are in stressful states or worried about their assignments, a few hours of playing video games can help to dispel all of these unnecessary thoughts. However, many teenagers nowadays consume hours a day only for playing video games. Consequently, they fall into the virtual fantasy worlds of videoRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Teenagers1776 Words   |  8 PagesNegative Effects of Video Games on Teenagers I. Introduction a. Hook: Video games have developed with electronic technologies in this century and have been welcomed by the general public including children and teenagers. Today 97 percent of teenagers in the United States play video games every day as they want to relax and sales of games are growing. b. Thesis: Although video games are used for entertainment purposes, they have had many negative effects on health, behavior, and study of teenagers. IIRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Teenagers1923 Words   |  8 PagesStudies show that teens play video games a lot; â€Å"The National Institute on Media argues that almost half of heavy video game players are aged to 17. In its 200 report on video game usage, it finds that 42 percent of children play video games for at least one hour per day.† (Nakaya) It is commonly believed that children play video games too much, and that this has a negative effect on the mental status of teens. This statistic proves that this is untrue, as an hour a day is very reasonable time frameRead MoreNegative Effects Of Video Games On Teenagers895 Words   |  4 PagesNegative Effects Of Video Games On Teenagers Do you think video games are good for teenagers? Video games are one of the fastest growing entertainment. And 97% of American teens play the video games. And young people aged 8 to 18 play the video games for about 13.2 hours a week. Do you think it is too much or normal? There are a lot of negative effects on teenagers for 13.2 hours playing games. For example, video games are experiencing emotional angst among teens, and many teens are sufferingRead MoreEffect of Violent Video Games on Teenagers1070 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Violent video games are special games, which negatively influences to the attitude and behavior. These video games are popular between children and teenagers. Since 1980-s years violent games are in political discussion. Because when teenagers usually play violent video games, they are becoming aggressive and then they face with psychological problems. For this, some people claim that violent games are harmful for society and they affect to behavior and health. It was interested inRead MoreEffects of Video Games on Children and Teenagers Essay1251 Words   |  6 PagesEffects of Video Games on Children and Teenagers In recent years, technology has developed very rapidly. This has led to many arguably both positive and negative changes in our everyday lives. One such change was the increased accessibility of personal computers and gaming consoles as well as the introduction of numerous video games. Due to their entertainment value, these games gained popularity among children and teenagers. Although many concerns have been voiced related to playing video gamesRead More Negative Effects of Violent Video Games on Teenagers Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pages Video games have been available to consumers for the last 30 years. They are a unique form of entertainment, because they encourage players to become a part of the games script. Todays sophisticated video games require players to pay constant attention to the game, rather than passively watching a movie. My working thesis is â€Å" Although there are other factors that can lead to violent behaviors such as inner stress, playing violent video game s are one of the main factors that can lead to violentRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Young Children And Growing Teenagers1610 Words   |  7 PagesInfluence of Gaming Controversy about video games continue to escalate between parents and gamers, regarding the psychological effect of simulated, realistic, and 3D violence on the minds of young children and growing teenagers. Yet, research shows that video games contribute very little to today’s everyday violence, despite complaints and concerns that games influence a child’s normal behavior. Technology is a way of life in today’s world, computers are used by toddlers, adolescents, andRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Video Games794 Words   |  4 Pagesimproved, video games have been enhanced together with the latest technology. Now, video games have become one of the most iconic hobbies and free time activities for teenagers from simple smartphone games to high-graphic console or pc games. However, some people tend to claim that video games are harmful to teenagers and cause them behave violent and aggressive. Also, some opinionated radicals state that video games are related to youth violence. While some people think that video games have negativeRead MoreEffects of Video Games on Teenage Life1442 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Video games are part of the lives of almost all teens in America, (Lenhart, Kahne, Middaugh, Macgill, Evans and Vitak). Therefore, it is important to understand what, if any, effects video games are having on teenage life. Because many video games contain violent content, imagery, and gameplay, much research on video games has focused on whether playing violent video games leads to violent or aggressive behavior in youth. There is a lot of conflicting evidence about the relationship between video

The Middle East Conflict Free Essays

The Middle East Conflict Will Israel Ever be Able to Exist in Peace? The Middle East Conflict Will Israel Ever be Able to Exist in Peace? From the day Israel declared itself an independent nation, neighboring countries and terrorists has routinely attacked it. The history of Israel and the conflict between the Jewish state and its Arab neighbors is long and complex. To begin to understand the root of the violence, one must first know the history of the creation of the state of Israel. We will write a custom essay sample on The Middle East Conflict or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some of the major questions that have to be asked to understand the conflict and whether or not there can truly be peace include the following: 1. How was Israel created 2. What has caused the tension in the Middle East 3. What role does the International community play on the Middle East conflict How Was Israel Created After the First World War, the defeated Ottoman Empire was divided amongst Britain, France, and Italy. The British mandate included Transjordan and Palestine, though this was the first time the name Palestine had ever been used. Britain’s main role was to implement the Balfour Declaration, which stated the â€Å"Majesty’s Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object† (Hurewitz, 1979, p. 101 – 106). The Arabs were originally given 80 percent of the British Mandate, now known as Jordan. During World War II, Britain refused to allow European Jews, who were attempting to escape the Nazis, entry into the British Mandate. Instead, they were either sent to the African nation of Mauritius or sent to detention camps (Lenk, 1991, p. 2). Even, after World War II, Britain wanted to severely restrict the flow of Jewish immigrants from Europe to Palestine. Finally, Britain announced their desire to end their mandate of the territory by May 1948 and they turned the problems regarding the division of the land to the United Nations. The United Nations came up with several plans. The one that was voted on and passed 33 to 13 was UN Resolution 181, which divided the remaining portion of the British Mandate into two independent states with Jerusalem falling under International control (United Nations, 1947, p. 132 – 133). The UN resolution gave the half of the remaining 20 percent of the original mandate to the Arabs. Israel declared itself an independent state on the 14th. It was immediately recognized by the United State, the Soviet Union, and many other nations. However, the Arab world refused to recognize Israel and over the next several days Arab forces from Egypt, Syria, Transjordan, Lebanon, and Iraq invaded Israel (Anti Defamation League, 1999). Israel defeated all of the invading countries and starting with Egypt in February 1949, they all began to sign armistice agreements with Israel. Israel gained an additional 8 percent of the original mandate after the war. The Gaza strip went to Egypt and the West Bank to Transjordan. The United Nations Conciliation Commission estimated there were approximately 711000 Palestine refugees as a result of the 1948 War (1950). However, Jordan was the only Arab country who would accept them and allow the to travel outside of UN refugee camps (Bard, 2008). What Has Led To The Current Tensions? After the initial 1948-49 War, many Arabs in Israel choose to try and leave the country and flee to other surrounding Arab nations. However, since Jordan was the only country willing to accept them as citizens, major resentment built up towards the Jews. Again, in 1967 Egypt and Jordan invaded Israel in another attempt to wipe Israel of the map. This war lead to the annexation of the West Bank, the Gaza strip and the Suez Canal into the hands of the Jewish state resulting in even more Palestinian refugees. Once more, resentment continued to build against Israel. The irony of the situation is the Palestinians have had land and they have had opportunities for their own country, yet the Arabs in the region were not content with the land they already had and continued the violence towards Israel creating the refugee problem. As more and more Palestinians are displaced, the blame is put on Israel for not doing enough to help out the Palestinians and help them make permanent homes. Yet, at the same time no other Arab nation will take the time to help the Palestinians. Instead they use them in an effort to obtain their own goal of a complete annihilation of the Jewish State. Iran, for example, helps to fund and support Hamas and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, both of which are terrorist organizations. This outside influence adds more to the already tense situation in Israel. Another factor that has led to the hostilities was the creation of a Jewish state in a predominately Muslim region of the world. The Muslims see Israel and Jerusalem, the third holiest Muslim city, as belonging to them. On the other hand the Jewish people biblically have the same believe about Israel and Jerusalem belonging to them. Both groups were given the legal permission via international law that provided both groups with land in the area. While the Israelis were content with the land they were given, the Palestinians were not, thus, the start of the 1948-49 war. When the other Arab nations attacked Israel, they violated international law and started a war of aggression. Since they were defeated, International law says all land captured from the aggressive armies is to remain in the hands of the country that was attacked. The Palestinians saw this as though Israel were stealing their homeland. However, by refusing to accept the UN’s partition plan, they gave up any right they had to the land. Though the rhetoric that these Palestinian areas are being occupied illegally by Israel helps to fuel the violence between the two groups. What is the International Community’s Role be in Trying to Ensure Peace in the Region? The United Nations was directly responsible for the creation of the state of Israel, as was noted earlier. Therefore it is partly the responsibility of the UN to help ensure peace. The problem right now is violence is not condemned on both sides of the conflict. When a Palestinian terrorist walked into a Jerusalem seminary and 8 rabbinical students, the United Nations could not pass a condemnation of the attack (Heilprin, 2008, March 7). Yet, at the same time, the United Nations condemned Israel for their use of force to try and stop the groups of Hamas terrorist firing rockets that are targeted at Israel civilians. The United Nations actions of condemning Israel for their use of superior force to defend itself against those targeting Israel civilians, while at the same time refusing to condemn terrorist attacks targeted at civilians, merely emboldens the terrorists. The radical Palestinians who commit these terrorist acts see this lack of condemnation from the UN as a free pass to continue their targeting of civilians. Israel’s only logical response is to fight back, thus causing the violence to continue with at a cessation in site. Then again with an increase in world wide Anti-Semitism over the last few decades, it has ecome unpopular, in the world, to support the Jewish state. Why should the World Care? While the United Nations has shown weakness on the issue of supporting Israel as they continue to fight terrorist in an effort to protect its civilians, the question should be asked if there really is a need to support Israel and protect them from being completely eradicated. The first thing to consider is displacement. If the country of Israel were to ever fall to the Arab world and it become a Muslim nation again, where would the Jews go? You would first have the immediate influx of Jewish refugees would be most likely forced from their homes. Additionally, what happens if another Holocaust happens in which one group is attempting to eradicate the Jewish people? Where would these Jews go to be guaranteed an escape from this persecution? The next big issue as to whether or not Israel is worth saving is the question of what has Israel done for the world so far? Good News from Israel gives plenty of examples of how Israel has contributed to the world. Here are just a few. Motorola’s research and development facility in Israel developed the cell phone. Both the Intel Pentium microprocessor and Pentium MMX Chip were designed in Israel. The AOL Instant Messenger ICQ was developed in Israel. Israeli doctors are making major medical breakthroughs including finding was to stop cancer in its tracks. Israel has the third most companies listed with the NASDAQ, behind Canada and the United States. These are just a few of the contributions that Israel has made to the world (http://www. newsoftheday. com/). All these and more have been accomplished while continuously engaged in war and being the target of terrorist. The question should be how could the International Community afford not to play a role in establishing peace in the Middle East while not removing Israel from the map? What can be Done To Achieve Peace? Unfortunately, it seems as though the only way there will ever be peace in the Middle East is for a devastating and complete loss for one of the sides. The sad reality is peace talks and cease-fires do not work. The only way to truly achieve an end to a conflict is for an enemy to be dealt a crushing blow or a complete annihilation. The biggest problem is Fatah and other organizations that are part of the mainstream Palestinian lifestyle have called for the destruction of Israel (Ratzlav-Katz, 2007, November 20). They refuse to stop their fight against Israel until the country of Israel no longer exists. These leaves Israel with the option of defending itself and acting aggressively to prevent more civilians from being targeted by Palestinian terrorists. Perhaps ones all the terrorists have been eliminated, the two sides will be able to sit down and reach an agreement that will result in a lasting peace. In order for peace to fully exist, though, after the terrorist have been removed from the equation, Israel’s neighbors are going to have to recognize it as a legitimate country with a right to exist. Perhaps once these two conditions exist, there can be a true heading towards peace. References Anti Defamation League. (1999). Israeli War for Independence. Retrieved March 3, 2008, from http://www. adl. org/ISRAEL/Record/48war. asp Heilprin, J. (2008, March 7). Libya Blocks UN from Condemning Violence. Yahoo News. Retrieved March 7, 2008, from http://news. yahoo. com/s/ap/20080307/ap_on_re_af/un_mideast_violence Hurewitz, J. C. (Ed. ). (1979). The Middle fast and North Africa in World politics: a Documentary Record, vol. 2. New Haven: Yale University Press. Lenk, Karl. (1991). The Mauritius Affair, The Boat People of 1940/1941. London. Ratzlav-Katz, N. (2007, November 20). American Jewry: Fatah Charter Calls to ‘Eradicate’ Israel. Arutz Sheva. Retrieved March 9, 2008, from: http://www. israelnationalnews. com/News/News. aspx/124315 United Nations. (1947). Resolution 181. Retrieved March 8, 2008, from http://daccessdds. un. org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/038/88/IMG/NR003888. pdf? OpenElement United Nations Conciliation Commission. (1950, October 23). Genera l Progress Report and Supplementary Report of the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine, Covering the Period from 11 December 1949 to 23 October 1950. Retrieved March 9, 2008, from http://domino. un. org/unispal. nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/93037e3b939746de8525610200567883! OpenDocument How to cite The Middle East Conflict, Papers The Middle East Conflict Free Essays string(37) " of a peace process was constructed\." The purpose of this research paper will be to assess and analyze specific principles and theories of negotiation and conflict management as reflected by a specific story of the Middle East peace process within the named article. The article is entitled â€Å"The Wounds Of Peace,† by Connie Bruck. This, of course, is one individual author’s perspective, yet, nevertheless, it is the view of this author that much of the content is historically factual and accurate, with a definite sense of individual perspectives as purported by the author. We will write a custom essay sample on The Middle East Conflict or any similar topic only for you Order Now To the greatest extent, this author shall attempted to meet those requirements as per the related principles and theories of negotiation and conflict management. Similarly, this will take place within the context of the Middle East peace process, guided within a specific time and place. To a large extent, this author should also like to state that his perspectives will emanate from those theories and principles which are rooted within negotiation and conflict management. Probably, no where else on this Earth (with the possible exception of Northern Ireland) are the principles and theories of negotiation and conflict management more contentious than those that exist within the Middle East To begin with, this author should like to offer some brief background as to the content of â€Å"The Wounds Of Peace† prior to my assessment. â€Å"The Wounds Of Peace† is a label which the author has applied to attempts of leaders of various countries throughout the Middle East to come to terms and create, or forge a partnership. To this extent, the author cites a process that began in Oslo, and, as the author states â€Å"One that compelled fiercely reluctant men on both sides to forge some of the most unlikely and creative partnerships in the history of diplomacy. † (Bruck, p. 4) The chief players throughout this scenario include Benjamin Netanyahu, Yasir Arafat, Shimon Peres, as well as others. The author begins with a discussion of a visit with Shimon Peres, who had been succeeded by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. Peres had expressed serious trepidation regarding his successor and his ability to handle the complex diplomatic aspects relating to the various strategies and tactics regarding the peace process and conflict management. To a large extent, it must be stated that the players, the respective geographical areas, and the positions they hold amongst each other(s) are highly complex. In fact, it is virtually impossible to define the role as well as its multidimensional ramifications in terms of diplomacy, and the many principles and theories of negotiation and conflict management as is the case. Based upon the article by the New Yorker, there exists clear sympathies or empathies for certain players, specifically, Peres and Rabin; whereas Arafat is portrayed as a somewhat ignominious character, who extends his hand for the purported purpose of establishing peaceful relationships, but one is not led to fully believe this, based upon the illustration as portrayed within the New Yorker. In one section of the article, the question is asked — â€Å"Is Israel alone? â€Å"(Bruck, p. 3) Within this section, the author alludes to Peres’ wanton destruction of his country’s security by consorting with Israel’s purported enemy. The question which crosses my mind is whether or not peace is salvageable, if solvable as well. R. Bolton states that conflict is unavoidable, and to be human is to experience conflict. (Bolton, p. 25)He maintains that there exists specific benefits of conflict, as well, and categorizes these into both realistic as well as non-realistic conflict. Furthermore, he adds that social scientists have discovered that love only endures when dissension is faced openly. In an excerpt from his book â€Å"Love And Conflict,† sociologist Gibson Winter writes â€Å"Most families today need more honest conflict and less suppression of feeling†¦ here are obviously proper times and occasions for conflicts. No one benefits from the random expression of hostile feelings. There are, however, occasions when these need to emerge†¦ we cannot find personal intimacy without conflict†¦ love and conflict are inseparable. † (Bolton, p. 45) This reminds me of Mr. Peres’ observation that â€Å"Deep in my own thinking, I felt we could not remain a Jewish people without a moral code. I thought that being Jewish, the real meaning is to give preference to the moral consideration. If we don’t do it†¦ beauty, you have in Paris, more, wine, music. The only thing that give Jewish history its wine and perfume is really the moral consideration. † (Bruck, p. 3). The larger players involved must be cognizant of the many vagaries as relates to negotiation and conflict management. It is not enough to be a politician, and a master at diplomacy, but a human being and someone who can read others well. This also applies to situations, and as Mr. Peres points out, this is steeped within Jewish history. A dispute begins when one person or organization makes a claim or demand on another who rejects it. The claim may arise when a perceived injury or from a need or aspiration. (Boulding, p. 12) When the miner complains to the shift boss about the stolen boots, he was making a claim that the company should take responsibility and remedy his perceived injury. The shift boss’ rejection of the claim turned it into a dispute. To resolve a dispute means to turn opposed positions — the claim and its rejection — into a single outcome. The resolution of the boots dispute might have been a negotiated agreement, an arbitrator’s ruling, or a decision by the miner to drop his claim or by the company to grant it. The author makes numerous points that interests, rights, and power are three basic elements of any dispute. In resolving a dispute, the parties may choose to focus their attention on one or more of these basic factors. At the same time, peace in theMiddle East is a complicated affair, as indicated at the outset of this research paper, and some success was made several years ago in Oslo wherein the rudiments of a peace process was constructed. You read "The Middle East Conflict" in category "Essay examples" Shimon Peres points out that his fear is that Prime Minister Netanyahu will not understand and will not do the right thing. He acknowledges that the government is still in the world of rhetoric — yet, making compromises is an unpleasant thing, and it must be done if peace is to survive. At least this is the sense that I received clearly from the words of Mr. Peres. He further criticizes Prime Minster Netanyahu for some of his actions, including appearing at a rally on a podium draped with a banner that read, â€Å"Death To Arafat! † This of course, runs contrary to every conceivable and viable principle and theory of negotiation and conflict management — particularly as exists throughout the Middle East. Much has been written regarding those principles and techniques surrounding conflict management. This has evidenced it self both on a domestic level as well as an international one, and within C. Kennedy’s â€Å"Managing Public Disputes,† which is published as a â€Å"Practical Guide To Handling Conflict And Reaching Agreements† the author acknowledges that disputes over public issues comes in all sizes and shapes. They are caught between communities and their decisions makers, between factions in government, between organizations, and between organizations and the people. Few people enjoy dealing with conflicts and public disputes exhibit specific characteristics. (Kennedy, p. 11) There may also be a complicated network of interests (as is the case throughout the Middle East), and new parties may emerge. Similarly, a variety of decision making procedures may be utilized for the purpose of establishing negotiation and conflict management. The author further states that conflict is dynamic. Unmanaged conflicts seldom stay constant for long. Simple solutions that might have worked in the beginning may be ineffective and even cause more damage if they are attempted when the conflict is fully developed. For example, restoring communication between warring factions will simply make matters worse if the wrong people do the talking or if the parties no longer trust each other. (Kennedy p. 47) In the case of the many players throughout the Middle East, the United States has served, to a large extent, as arbitrator. Similarly, one can go back to the Administration of one President Jimmy Carter, who managed to negotiate, as a third party or arbitrator, a peace process amongst both Presidents Anwar Sadat and Prime Minster Begin. (Ben-Dor, p. 78)Nevertheless, the negotiator faces many tedious obstacles which are not always overcomeable. For example, values and tension throughout the Middle East consistently impede both the abilities and efforts of the many players immediately involved to apply the principles and techniques of conflict management for the purpose of total peace throughout all of the Middle East. The fact of the matter is that the geopolitical structure as well as many factions are highly fragmented throughout the Middle East. (McKinley, p. 23) Even Yasir Arafat cannot speak for all of the so-called enemies of the Jewish people, as with him, and the same with Mr. Peres, any move towards compromise is seen as being a traitor. In fact, Peres as well as Rabin (Israel Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin) was referred to as one for chancing the move of compromise towards a final settlement of total peace throughout the Middle East. Both of these images of negotiation are incomplete and inadequate. Value creating and value claiming are linked parts of negotiation. Both processes are present. No matter how much creative problem solving enlarges the pie, it must still be divided; value that has been created must be claimed. And if the pie is not enlarged, there will be less to divide; there’s more value to be claimed if one has helped create it first. Sebenius, p. 33) An essential tension in negotiation exists between cooperative moves to create value and competitive moves to claim it. (Sebenius, p. 35) In my opinion, there exists an onus amongst all parties involved to bring with them to the table a sense of negotiable element or value. The value that the negotiator brings with him for the benefit of the advisory must not be misleading and beneficial for all. This is the negotiators’ dilemma, and one may envision a paradigm wherein the value may extent from one end of the continuum, possibly identifiable as anything from good to great to terrible to mediocre. Sebenius, p. 40) Nevertheless, the prospects for both implementing as well as establishing the principles and theories of negotiation and conflict management are incomplete absent the aforementioned. Throughout â€Å"The Wounds Of Peace,† and the contents therein, it appears that Mr. Peres’ attitude towards his successor may well indeed have validity. The negotiating of power requires a number of important elements beginning with its very definition. From there, one may identify various categories of power as well as their legitimacy and commitments which relies heavily upon the power of knowledge. As one author states, there is a subtle but significant difference between communicating a warning of the course of action that I believe will be in my interest to take should we fail to reach agreement, and locking myself into precise terms that we must accept in order to avoid my taking that course of action. (Woodhouse, p. 20) Extending a warning is not the same as making a negative commitment. If the United States honestly believes that deploying 100 MX Missiles is a vital part of its national security, then letting the Soviet Union know that in the absence of a negotiated settlement we intend to deploy them would appear to be a sound way to exerting influence. In these circumstances, the United States remains open to considering any negotiative agreement that would be better for us than the MX deployment. We are not trying to influence the Soviet Union by committing ourselves to refuse to accepting an agreement that would in fact be in our interest (in hopes of getting one even more favorable to us). We are simply trying to influence them with the objective reality that deployment seems to be our best option in the absence of government. (Fisher, p. 56) Throughout this research paper, I would not attempt to address all of the intricacies of the many players, their titles, names, interests, ad infinitum, but I should like to highlight some of the more salient elements which I believe are particularly relevant to the theories and principles as related to conflict management. As Bruck has stated in her New Yorker article, â€Å"difficult as achieving the Gaza-Jericho accords had been, the challenge they posed was dwarfed by that of Oslo II. In Gaza, there were about a dozen Jewish settlements, so the withdrawal of Israel troops from the Palestinian – populated areas there had been relatively straightforward. In the West Bank, the settlements were numerous — about 140 — and had been strategically dispersed. Peres, employing one his favor aphorisms, said, â€Å"You can make an omelet from eggs, but you cannot make eggs from an omelet, and, fortunately, that area -the West Bank- has been thoroughly omeletted. (Bruck, p. 9) The players involved in the Middle East peace accord must be exclusively cognizant of the various strategies and tactics as related to the conflict management, in addition to all their other moral, political, cultural, social, geographical and allying responsibilities. A closely related proposition is that the political concept manager should seek to dispel the â€Å"worst case† fears that many contestants in a competitive policy debate will consciously or unconsciously bring to the bargaining table. (Fisher, p. 72) This is perhaps an obvious but still significant proposition. The offer further states that as far as possible the leader of the conflict management process should require parties to the policy debate to express their arguments in ordinary language, or, in more difficult cases, to translate technical language into terms that are understandable to non specialists. Being here is straightforward. First, it is possible to have a competitive debate if different parties cannot understand what other contestants are talking about. Anyone who has experienced a discourse between military people and foreign policy analysts or between financial analysts and production people would be immediately familiar with the tendency of these and other specialists to talk past each other. The results of such an untranslated discourse is a Tower of Babel. (Yates, pp. 131-131) It is inevitably the objective of the negotiator to arrive at an agreement, and in my opinion, communication is key. Similarly, how to make the best of one’s assets is the subject of scrutiny by Fisher and Ury. They state that protecting yourself against a bad agreement is one thing. Making the most of the assets you have in order to produce a good agreement is another. (Fisher, p. 52) The many facets involved within the problem and the people are far too numerous to delineate within this writing. Nevertheless, the authors do at one point address peace in the Middle East when they allude to the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty blocked out at Camp David in 1978, demonstrating the usefulness of looking behind positions. Israel had occupied the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula since the 6 Day War of 1967. (McKinley, p. 198) When Egypt and Israel sat together in 1978 to negotiate a peace, their positions were incompatible. Israel insisted on keeping some of the Sinai. Egypt, on the other hand, insisted that every inch of the Sinai be returned to Egyptian sovereignty. Time and again, people drew maps showing possible boundary lines that would divide the Sinai between Egypt and Israel. Compromising in this way was wholly unacceptable to Egypt. To go back to the situation as it was in 1967 was equally unacceptable to Israel. The focus on interest instead of positions is all important. One useful rule of thumb is to give positive support to the human beings on the other side that is equal in strength to the vigor which may emphasize the problem. This combination of support and attack may seem inconsistent. Psychologically it is, the inconsistency helps make it work. A well known theory of psychology, the theory of cognitive dissonance, holds that people dislike inconsistency and will act to eliminate it. (Fisher, p. 5) Most of what the negotiators had designed in both Gaza-Jericho and Oslo was to be put into effect by the military and security forces of the two sides. And, particularly in Oslo II, where the populations involved were so interlaced, where the agreements’ map looked (as Abu Alaha said with distaste) â€Å"Like a tiger skin,†(Bruck, p. 10) extensive cooperation between the two was mandated. The situation was highly problematic — as volatile, one might expect, between the two security forces as between the two populations whose security they were trying to protect, as stated within the New Yorker article. One might ask how in the did they ever reach accord?! Much the same way, I believe, that they did at Camp David. Both leaders were willing to expose their vulnerabilities for the sake of peace. As a result, Mr. Sadat was assassinated, as was the case with Yitzhak Rabin. The complexities as well as the sensitivities which pervade the varied principles and theories of negotiation and conflict management, are, as indicated at the outset of this research paper, arguably the most complex on the planet. 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Reading Key Essay Know: Old World, New World Are the terms old world and new world biased? Old World : Europeans fleeing poverty religious persecution. New World: North America 1. What conditions existed in what is today the United States that made it fertile ground for a great nation? Abundant natural resources Prior inhabitance cultivation of the land by the Native Americans The Shaping of North America Know: Great Basin:Lake Bonneville covering most of Idaho Utah today-it drained into the Pacific- drained the west through the Snake River Columbia River system. Lake Bonneville’s beaches are visible 1,000 ft. up of the floor of the Great Basin. Salt Lake lost its outlet and evaporation caused it to become saline. Appalachian Mountains: Formed before continental separation. 350 million yrs. Ago. Tidewater Region: Caused by many river valleys. Slope upward to the Appalachians. Rocky Mountains: 135-25 million yrs. ago after continental separation. Great Lakes: weight of the ice caused depressions in the Canadian Shield.This scoured away the topsoil Missouri Mississippi-Ohio River System: Drained the level of the Great Lakes. 2. Speculate how at least one geographic feature affected the development of the United States. †¢ Select a geographic region, explain how the geographic feature affected the development of the United States in each of the following time periods: 1500-1763 1800-1900 1900-2008 The First Discoverers of America Know: Land Bridge: 35,000 yrs ago the oceans congealed causing the sea level to drop, and exposing the la nd bridge between Siberia and Alaska. Nomad crossed the land bridge.About 10,000 years ago, as the Ice Age ended, sea levels began to rise and the land bridge was covered with water once again. 3. Before the arrival of Europeans, the settlement of the Americas was insignificant. Assess this statement. Insignificant infers that lower population levels were inferior to the larger population levels in other parts of the world. Also, new research suggests that the native populations of North America were actually much higher than previously thought. The Earliest Americans Know: Maize: corn- transformed groups into agricultural societies as it spread throughout the Americas.Aztecs: Nation-state in present day Mexico Incas: Nation-state in present-day Mexico Pueblo: maize reached the American southwest around 1200 bc. Rio Grande Valley established irrigation systems for their corn. Multistoried terraced buildings (pueblo means village in Spanish) Mound Builders: Chaokia: 40,000 in 1100 A . D. around 1300 population began to decline. (Monk’s Mound) Creek, Choctoaw, Cherokee were among the highest populations. Three-sister Farming: corn, squash, beans. Beans grew up corn stalk and squash retained moisture in soil. Cherokee: Iroquois: Northeastern woodlands, democratic political system . Describe some of the common features of North American Indian culture. Agricultural- yet impermanent settlements. Did not attempt to dominate nature Use quotes from pages 9-10 in textbook. They were so thinly spread across the continent that vast areas were virtually untouched by a human presence. 4 million†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Indirect Discoverers of the New World Know: Vinland: From Scandanavia 1,000 AD, Newfoundland (covered in wild grapes- hence the name vinland) Crusaders: 1300’s crusaders seeking to free holy land from Muslim control. This gave Europe a taste for foreign goods i. e: ilk, spices, drugs, perfumes- ***sugarMerchants ought cheaper means for the transportat ion of goods. Venice: Italian trading city Genoa: Italian trading city Describe the impact of sugar and the development of Europe’s sweet tooth on the colonization of the Americas. 5. What caused Europeans to begin exploring? Europeans were in search of cheaper trade routes from the East to the West. Europeans Enter Africa Know: Marco Polo: 1295 AD he returned from China. Increased European desires for goods. Caravel: Before its invention Europeans would not sail around the coast of Africa. 1450 invented by Portuguese allowed them to sail more directly into the wind.Bartholomew Diaz: Rounded the tip of Africa in 1488 (Portuguese) Portugal had control of the African coast Vasco da Gama: Reached India in 1498 Ferdinand and Isabella: rid Spain of the infidels (the Moors) Wanted to rival Portugal for power. Moors: Muslims who fought the Christians in Spain 6. What were the results of the Portuguese explorations of Africa? Exposure to slave trade by Africans and Arabs led to their own establishment of slave trade networks Slaves used to work on sugar plantations. Set up gold trading posts on the west coast Columbus Comes upon a New World Know: Columbus: 1492 7.What developments set the stage for a cataclysmic shift in the course of history? †¢ Europeans desired cheaper products from foreign lands †¢ Africa was a cheap labor source †¢ Long-range navigation was possible †¢ Spain was rising in power as a nation-state †¢ Renaissance the spread of knowledge When Worlds Collide Know: Corn: Potatoes: Sugar: Columbus brought over seedl ings of sugar cane Horses: Smallpox: Hispaniola population dropped from 1 million to 200 in 50 years. 8. Explain the positive and negative effects of the Atlantic Exchange. Positive negative effects can be argues for almost everything: Cattle HorsesPigs Maize, mantioc, sweet potatoes to Africa The Spanish Conquistadors Know: Only a small minority were actually nobility. Most were professional soldiers sail ors. The rest were peasants ans artisans. Treaty of Tordesillas: 1494 Treaty to discovery of Columbus dividing land b/t Spain and Portugal. Most of the land went to Spain, but Portugal got more land in Africa. Vasco Nunez Balboa: Spanish discoverer of Pacific Ocean of Pananma 1513 claimed washed by that sea. Ferdinand Magellan: Sailed around the world Juan Ponce de Leon: Sailed to FL Francisco Coronado: From Mexico east through AZ NM. He encountered the PueblosHernando de Soto: From the East crossed the Mississippi. Particularly brutal to Native Am. Francisco Pizarro: Destroyed the Incas in 1532. Encomienda: Basically enslavement of the natives in return for conversion to Christianity 9. Were the conquistadors great men? Explain. They were great at destroying the existence of native societies of the Americas Makers of America: The Spanish Conquistadors Know: Granada: Moorish stronghold in Spain (city) 1492 it fell to the Spanish after a 10 year siege. For 500 years the Christian k ingdoms of Spain had been attempting to rid the area of the North African Muslims Moors: North African Muslims Reconquista: Ended as a result of Moorish defeat†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. The religious zealotry intolerance of the Spanish was now focuses on the New World frontier. 10. Were the conquistadors motives successfully fulfilled? Explain. Their individual dreams of glory were not attained. Most had to give booty to their commanders and later the Spanish crown tightened control of the loot. The Conquest of Mexico Know: Hernan Cortez: Conquerer of the Aztecs Tenochtitlan: Aztec capital city Montezuma: Leader of the Aztecs Mestizos: mix race of Aztecs Spanish 11. Why was Cortez able to defeat the powerful Aztecs? Guns diseaseThe Spread of Spanish America Know: John Cabot: Giovanni da Verazano: Jacques Cartier: St. Augustine: New Mexico: Don Juan De Onate led Spansih into the Rio Grande Valley in 1598. In the Battle of Acoma, 1599, the Spanish severed the foot of each survivor. The called this area New Mexico and in 1609 founded its capital in Santa Fe. Popes Rebellion: 1680, the native Americans destroyed all Catholic Churches and killed preiests and Spanish settlers. The Indians built kivas ceremonial religious chamber on the ruins on the Spanish plaza at Santa Fe. Mission Indians: In CA, San Deigo†¦attempt of Spaniards to convert Indians.These Indians not only lost contact with native culture but were also very susceptible to disease. Black Legend: That Spanish had butchered the natives, stole their gold, and infected them with smallpox. The Spanish actually did a better job of incorporating native cultures into their own than the English did. 12. What is the Black Legend, and to what extent does our text agree with it? The textbook rejects this legend overall. I’m skeptical of the textbook’s treatment of this topic. CHAPTER 2: THE PLANTING OF ENGLISH COLONIES GUIDED READING QUESTIONS Englands Imperial Stirrings Know: Henry VIII:Queen Elizabeth : Catholic Ireland: 13. Why was England slow to establish New World colonies? Elizabeth Energizes England Know: Francis Drake: Sir Walter Raleigh: Virginia: Spanish Armada: 14. What steps from 1575-1600 brought England closer to colonizing the New World? England on the Eve of Empire Know: Enclosure Movement: Primogeniture: Joint-stock company: 15. Explain how conditions in England around 1600 made the country ripe to colonize North America. England Plants the Jamestown Seedling Know: Virginia Company: Jamestown: John Smith: Powhatan: Pocahontas: Starving Time: Lord De La Warr: 16.Give at least three reasons that so many of the Jamestown settlers died. Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake Know: Powhatans Confederacy: Anglo-Powhatan Wars: 17. What factors led to the poor relations between Europeans and Native Americans in Virginia? Virginia: Child of Tobacco Know: John Rolfe: Tobacco: House of Burgesses: 18. By 1620 Virginia had already developed many of the features that were important t o it two centuries later. Explain. Maryland: Catholic Haven Know: Lord Baltimore: Indentured Servants: Act of Toleration: 19. In what ways was Maryland different than Virginia? The West Indies: Way Station to Mainland AmericaKnow: West Indies: Sugar: Barbados Slave Code: 20. What historical consequences resulted from the cultivation of sugar instead of tobacco in the British colonies in the West Indies? Colonizing the Carolinas Know: Oliver Cromwell: Charles II: Rice: 21. Why did Carolina become a place for aristocratic whites and many black slaves? The Emergence of North Carolina Know: Tuscarora: 22. North Carolina was called a vale of humility between two mountains of conceit. Explain. Late-Coming Georgia: The Buffer Colony Know: James Oglethorpe: 23. In what ways was Georgia unique among the Southern colonies?Makers of America: The Iroquois Know: The Iroquois Confederacy: Deganawidah: Hiawatha: Five Nations: Handsome Lake: 24. How did the political structure of the Iroquois pro ve to be strength and ultimately a weakness? The Plantation Colonies 25. Which Southern colony was the most different from the others? Explain. CHAPTER 3: SETTLING THE NORTHERN COLONIES GUIDED READING QUESTIONS The Protestant Reformation Produces Puritanism Know: John Calvin, Conversion Experience, Visible Saints, Church of England, Puritans, Separatists 26. How did John Calvins teachings result in some Englishmen wanting to leave England?The Pilgrims End Their Pilgrimage at Plymouth Know: Mayflower, Myles Standish, Mayflower Compact, Plymouth, William Bradford 27. Explain the factors that contributed to the success of the Plymouth colony. The Bay Colony Bible Commonwealth Know: Puritans, Charles I, Massachusetts Bay Colony, Great Migration, John Winthrop 28. Why did the Puritans come to America? Building the Bay Colony Know: Freemen, Bible Commonwealth, John Cotton, Protestant Ethic 29. How democratic was the Massachusetts Bay Colony? Explain. Trouble in the Bible Commonwealth Know : Anne Hutchinson, Antinomianism, Roger Williams 30.What happened to people whose religious beliefs differed from others in Massachusetts Bay Colony? The Rhode Island Sewer Know: Freedom of Religion 31. How was Rhode Island different than Massachusetts? Makers of America: The English 32. In what ways did the British North American colonies reflect their mother country? New England Spreads Out Know: Thomas Hooker, Fundamental Orders 33. Describe how Connecticut, Maine and New Hampshire were settled. Puritans versus Indians Know: Squanto, Massasoit, Pequot War, Praying Towns, Metacom, King Philips War 34. Why did hostilities arise between Puritans and Native Americans? What was the result?Seeds of Colonial Unity and Independence Know: New England Confederation, Charles II 35. Assess the following statement, The British colonies were beginning to grow closer to each other by 1700. Andros Promotes the First American Revolution Know: Dominion of New England, Navigation Laws, Edmund Andr os, Glorious Revolution, William and Mary, Salutary Neglect 36. How did events in England affect the New England colonies development? Old Netherlanders at New Netherlands Know: Dutch East India Company, Henry Hudson, New Amsterdam, Patroonships 37. Explain how settlement by the Dutch led to the type of city that New York is today.Friction with English and Swedish Neighbors Know: Wall Street, New Sweden, Peter Stuyvesant, Log Cabins 38. Vexations beset the Dutch company-colony from the beginning. Explain. Dutch Residues in New York Know: Duke of York 39. Do the Dutch have an important legacy in the United States? Explain. Penns Holy Experiment in Pennsylvania Know: Quakers, William Penn 40. What had William Penn and other Quakers experienced that would make them want a colony in America? Quaker Pennsylvania and Its Neighbors Know: East New Jersey, West New Jersey, Delaware 41. Why was Pennsylvania attractive to so many Europeans and Native Americans?The Middle Way in the Middle Col onies Know: Middle Colonies, Benjamin Franklin 42. What do the authors mean when the say that the middle colonies were the most American? Varying Viewpoints: Europeanizing America or Americanizing Europe? 43. The picture of colonial America that is emerging from all this new scholarship is of a society unique—and diverse—from its inception. Explain CHAPTER 4: AMERICAN LIFE IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY GUIDED READING QUESTIONS The Unhealthy Chesapeake 44. Life in the American wilderness was nasty, brutish, and short for the earliest Chesapeake settlers. Explain. The Tobacco EconomyKnow: Tobacco, Indentured Servants, Freedom Dues, Headright System 45. What conditions in Virginia made the colony right for the importation of indentured servants? Frustrated Freemen and Bacons Rebellion Know: William Berkeley, Nathaniel Bacon 46. Who is most to blame for Bacons rebellion, the upper class or the lower class? Explain. Colonial Slavery Know: Royal African Company, Middle Passag e, Slave Codes, Chattel Slavery 47. Describe the slave trade. Africans in America Know: Gullah, Stono Rebellion 48. Describe slave culture and contributions. Makers of America: From African to African-American 49. And precisely because of the diversity of African peoples represented in America, the culture that emerged was a uniquely New World creation. Explain. Southern Society Know: Plantations, Yeoman Farmers 50. Describe southern culture in the colonial period, noting social classes. The New England Family Know: The Scarlet Letter 51. What was it like to be a woman in New England? Life in the New England Towns Know: Harvard, Town Meetings 52. Explain the significance of New England towns to the culture there. The Half-Way Covenant and the Salem Witch Trial Know: Jeremiad, Conversions, Half-Way Covenant 3. What evidence shows that New England was becoming more diverse as the 17th century wore on? The New England Way of Life Know: Yankee Ingenuity 54. How did the environment shap e the culture of New England? The Early Settlers Days and Ways Know: Leislers Rebellion 55. How much equality was evident in the colonies? CHAPTER 5: COLONIAL SOCIETY ON THE EVE OF REVOLUTION GUIDED READING QUESTIONS Conquest by the Cradle Know: Thirteen Original Colonies 56. What was the significance of the tremendous growth of population in Britains North American colonies? A Mingling of RacesKnow: Pennsylvania Dutch, Scots-Irish, Paxton Boys, Regulator Movement 57. What was the significance of large numbers of immigrants from places other than England? The Structure of Colonial Society Know: Social Mobility 58. Assess the degree of social mobility in the colonies. Makers of America: The Scots-Irish Know: The Session 59. How had the history of the Scots-Irish affected their characteristics? Clerics, Physicians, and Jurists Know: Smallpox, Diphtheria 60. Why has the relative prestige of the professions changed from colonial times to today? Workaday America Know: Triangular Trade, N aval Stores, Molasses Act 1. Describe some of the more important occupations in the colonies. Horsepower and Sailpower Know: Taverns 62. What was it like to travel in early America? Dominant Denominations Know: Established Church, Anglicans, Congregationalists, Presbyterians 63. How did the denominations in America affect relations with Great Britain? The Great Awakening Know: Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield, Old Lights, New Lights, Baptists 64. How was the religion encompassed in the Great Awakening different from traditional religion? What was important about the difference? Schools and Colleges Know: Latin and Greek 5. What kind of education could a young person expect in colonial times? Culture in the Backwoods Know: John Trumbull, Charles Wilson Peale, Benjamin West, John Singleton Copley, Benjamin Franklin 66. Did Americans distinguish themselves in the arts during the colonial period? Explain. Pioneer Presses Know: John Peter Zenger 67. Why was the jury verdict in the Zen ger case important? The Great Game of Politics Know: Royal Colonies, Proprietary Colonies, Self-governing Colonies, Colonial Assemblies, Power of the Purse, Town Meetings, Property Qualifications 68. How democratic was colonial America?Colonial Folkways 69. What were the advantages and disadvantages of living in America during the colonial period? Colonial America: Communities of Conflict or Consensus? Know: Nashs Urban Crucible Theory 70. Were the colonies marked more by internal consensus or internal conflict? Explain. CHAPTER 6: THE DUEL FOR NORTH AMERICA GUIDED READING QUESTIONS France Finds a Foothold in Canada Know: Huguenots, Samuel de Champlain, New France 71. How was the colony of New France different from the British North American colonies? New France Fans Out Know: Beaver, Coureurs de Bois, Voyageurs, Robert de La Salle 72.What factors led to the French settlement of New France? The Clash of Empires Know: Treaty of Utrecht, War of Jenkinss Ear, James Oglethorpe, Louisbou rg 73. Describe the early wars between France and Britain. George Washington Inaugurates War with France Know: Fort Duquesne, George Washington, Fort Necessity, Acadians 74. How did George Washington spark the French and Indian War? Global War and Colonial Disunity Know: Benjamin Franklin, Albany Plan of Union, Join or Die 75. What was meant by the statement, America was conquered in Germany? Braddocks Blundering and Its Aftermath Know: Edward Braddock 6. What setbacks did the British suffer in the early years of the French and Indian War? Pitts Palms of Victory Know: William Pitt, James Wolfe, Battle of Quebec 77. What was the significance of the British victory in the French and Indian War? Restless Colonials 78. How did the French and Indian War affect the relationship between the colonies and the mother country? Makers of America: The French Know: Louis XIV, The Great Displacement 79. What contributions to American culture were made by the French? Americans: A People of Destiny Know: Treaty of Paris, Pontiac, Daniel Boone, Proclamation of 1763 80.How did French defeat lead to westward expansion and tension with Native Americans and the British? CHAPTER 7: THE ROAD TO REVOLUTION GUIDED READING QUESTIONS The Deep Roots of Revolution 81. Why does the author say that the American Revolution began when the first settlers stepped ashore? The Mercantile Theory Know: Mercantilism 82. Explain the economic theory of mercantilism and the role of colonies. Mercantilist Trammels on Trade Know: Navigation Laws, Royal Veto 83. How did Parliament enact the theory of mercantilism into policy? The Merits of Mercantilism Know: Salutary Neglect, John Hancock, Bounties 84.In what ways did the mercantilist theory benefit the colonies? The Menace of Mercantilism 85. What economic factors were involved in leading colonists to be displeased with the British government? The Stamp Tax Uproar Know: George Grenville, Sugar Act, Quartering Act of 1765, Stamp Act, Admiralty Courts, Virt ual Representation 86. Why were the colonists so upset over relatively mild taxes and policies? Parliament Forced to Repeal the Stamp Act Know: Stamp Act Congress, Nonimportation Agreements, Homespun, Sons of Liberty, Declaratory Act 87. In what ways did colonists resist the Stamp Act? The Townshend Tea Tax and the Boston MassacreKnow: Townshend Acts, Indirect Tax, Boston Massacre, John Adams 88. How did the Townshend Acts lead to more difficulties? The Seditious Committees of Correspondence Know: George III, Lord North, Samuel Adams, Committees of Correspondence 89. How did Committees of Correspondence work? Tea Parties at Boston and Elsewhere Know: British East India Company, Boston Tea Party 90. What was the cause of the Boston Tea Party, and what was its significance? Parliament Passes the Intolerable Acts Know: Boston Port Act, Massachusetts Government Act, Administration of Justice Act, Quartering Act of 1774, Quebec Act 91.What was so intolerable about the Coercive (Intolerab le) Acts? The Continental Congress and Bloodshed Know: First Continental Congress, Declaration of Rights, The Association, Tar and Feathers, Minute Men, Lexington and Concord 92. What was the goal of the First Continental Congress? Imperial Strength and Weakness Know: Hessians, Tories 93. What were British strengths and weaknesses at the outset of the war? American Pluses and Minuses Know: George Washington, Ben Franklin, Marquis de Lafayette, Continentals 94. What were the American strengths and weaknesses at the outset of the war? A Thin Line of HeroesKnow: Valley Forge, Baron von Steuben, Continental Army 95. What role was played by African-Americans in the Revolution? Whose Revolution? 96. Which of the four interpretations of the Revolution seems most true to you? Which seems least true? Explain. CHAPTER 8: AMERICA SECEDES FROM THE EMPIRE GUIDED READING QUESTIONS Congress Drafts George Washington Know: Second Continental Congress, George Washington 97. Why was George Washington chosen as general of the American army? Bunker Hill and Hessian Hirelings Know: Ethan Allen, Benedict Arnold, Fort Ticonderoga, Bunker Hill, Redcoats, Olive Branch Petition, Hessians 98.How and why did George III slam the door on all hope of reconciliation? The Abortive Conquest of Canada Know: Richard Montgomery 99. Did the fighting go well for Americans before July of 1776? Explain. Thomas Paine Preaches Common Sense 100. Why was Common Sense important? Paine and the Idea of Republicanism Know: Republic, Natural Aristocracy 101. Why did Paine want a democratic republic? Jeffersons Explanation of Independence Know: Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, Natural Rights 102. What does the Declaration of Independence say? Patriots and Loyalists Know: Patrick Henry 03. What kinds of people were Loyalists? Makers of America: The Loyalists 104. What happened to Loyalists after the war? The Loyalist Exodus 105. What happened to Loyalists during the war? General Washington at Bay Know: William Howe, Trenton, Princeton, 106. What were some of the flaws of General William Howe? Burgoynes Blundering Invasion Know: John Burgoyne, Benedict Arnold, Saratoga, Horatio Gates 107. Why did the Americans win the battle of Saratoga? Why was it significant? Strange French Bedfellows 108. Why did the French help America win independence? The Colonial War Becomes a World WarKnow: Armed Neutrality 109. Why was foreign aid so important to the American cause? Blow and Counterblow Know: Nathaniel Greene, Charles Cornwallis 110. Would an American Patriot, reading news of the war in 1780, have been happy about the way the war was going? Explain. The Land Frontier and Sea Frontier Know: Iroquois Confederacy, Fort Stanwix, George Rogers Clarke, John Paul Jones, Privateers 111. Was frontier fighting important in the outcome of the war? Yorktown and the Final Curtain Know: Charles Cornwallis, Yorktown 112. If the war did not end at Yorktown, then why was it importan t?Peace at Paris Know: Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, John Jay, Treaty of Paris 113. What did America gain and what did it concede in the Treaty of Paris? A New Nation Legitimized Know: Whigs 114. Did Americans get favorable terms in the Treaty of Paris? Explain. DOCUMENT BASED QUESTION: EXAMINE THE DOCUMENTS ATTACHED FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS ON PAGE 11. WRITE A 5 PARAGRAPH ESSAY: Paragraph 1= Give your introduction and thesis statement Paragraph 2-3-4= Supportive evidence using documents and outside knowledge based on your text and other sources Paragraph 5= Conclusion We will write a custom essay sample on Reading Key specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Reading Key specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Reading Key specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer