The Role of Culture on Child Development Essays - Education

The Role of Culture on Child Development Yeney Armenteros Priyanka Khanna Brittany Williams Mays Hugh Wilks Professor Cox EDUN 101 Yeney Armenteros Priyanka Khanna Brittany Williams Mays Hugh Wilks Professor Cox EDUN 101 19 October 2014 The Role of Culture in Child Development Child development is a dynamic process that is extremely difficult to separate the physical and psychosocial factors, except conceptually. In these conditions, psychosocial development is the cognitive, social and emotional development and not small as a result of the continuous interaction between the child growing and changing environment. The differences of the ecological and cultural environment profoundly affect the physical and mental development. The interaction with the medium defines the character of the skills and knowledge acquired and how they are valued; learning experiences of the children of farmers in West Java will be somewhat different from those of the shepherd children of the Bolivian highlands, and every social group especially value those skills that are most needed in your environment. The Role of Culture in Cognitive Development Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget are cited more often by his theories on cognitive development. Piaget emphasized four stages of development that occur throughout childhood until the child cognition reaches its end around the age of 15. Vygotsky, on the other hand, proposes a socio - cultural theory of cognitive development, in which the cognitive abilities of children evolve from interactions with the culture around them, such as parents, teachers and other partners. While Piaget emphasized cognitive development as an individual and universal process, Vygotsky emphasized that cognitive development varies between cultures and is largely the result of the interaction with culture. Biological Principles Vygotsky proposed that children come equipped with some important mental functions. These functions include memory, sensation, perception and attention. These basic mental functions then take advantage of the culture of which are subject, and culture transforms these functions into new higher mental processes or cognitive abilities. Social Influence Early cognitive competence arises from interactions with adults and other relevant partners in the child's culture. Vygotsky cites as evidence the many tasks that a child must learn and are too complicated to assimilate in isolation, such as speaking a language. He proposes that most tasks are learned through the guidance and encouragement of the culture that surrounds the child. The cognitive development so influenced and shaped as participating in cultural activities and watch adults participating in them. Cultural Diversity and cognitive development Belonging to a particular culture influences cognitive processes of people in various ways, some so subtle that they cannot be recognized at first glance. For example, several studies indicate that people in urban European American and middle-class communities tend to have more interactions in pairs (dyads) than in groups, while people of other cultural backgrounds displayed more often multiple, simultaneous participation and group. This is easily understood if we remember that in communities where the family is usually extensive, as is the case in most communities of Peru is common for infants and toddlers are cared for by several people other than parents, which gives these children varied opportunities to observe and participate in different groups and have multiple simultaneous interactions. In contrast, in industrialized communities where usually only the mother or another adult (the nanny, etc.) is responsible for the care of these children have few opportunities t o participate in daily groups, either with adults or other children. The Role of Culture in Language Development When a child lives in a house where a second language is spoken, it becomes hard for the child to learn the material in the classroom. It also becomes had for the teachers as well. Because the students might not understand what the teacher is saying to them, it becomes hard for the student to understand the material. If the student does not know what the teacher is saying, then how can a student learn? For the teacher it becomes harder and harder because they have other students to worry about as well. If the teacher has an assistant teacher, then it becomes a little easier. But still there is a little worry in the back of the head for the student especially when it becomes time for testing the child's progress. In a NAYCE article

The Implications of Big Data

The Implications of Big Data Introduction Currently, many enterprises are investing in big data technologies because they are seen as a future of information analysis. It is a set of approaches, tools, and methods that are used to handle enormous amounts of various kinds of structured and unstructured data in a way that would be easy for people to understand. There are different methods and techniques of analysis such as crowdsourcing and data mining methods.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Implications of Big Data specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It has its benefits and limitations for individuals, companies, and governments. The goal of this research project is to analyze the implications of big data to propose recommendations on how enterprises should get ready for the changes. Big Data and Individuals Benefits of Big Data for Individuals Big data can be extremely useful for every individual. New technologies are always being dev eloped, and companies are looking for ways to utilize the available information. The current situation in the world can only be described as a knowledge revolution. Gadgets are capable of storing extraordinary amounts of information and can perform millions of tasks at once. The first benefit for individuals is that such technologies could be extremely useful for a small business or family budget planning. Mobile phone applications that analyze vast amounts of data could be developed in the future and everyone would be able to make decisions based on collected and processed information. Companies that develop the software and methods of analysis are slowly making small steps in that direction. Wu et al. (2013, p. 97) claim that data collection has grown tremendously and is beyond the ability of commonly used software tools to capture, manage and process. This signifies that information processing it developing at an extremely fast pace. However, it is still in need of development to meet the necessary requirements of its users. Another important aspect that should be noted is that big data allows every individual to influence the decision-making of companies in one way or another even if such influence is relatively not that significant. Limitations of Big Data for Individuals There are few limitations connected with usage of big data technologies for individuals. First of all, privacy may be breached. Some people say that some data should be openly available for general public but it is not so simple. It may contain the information about locations and phone calls that should be private.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The second limitation is that such enormous amounts of data are hard for some to understand without an external help. Cron, Nguyen, and Parameswaran (2012, p. 8) found that in such massive data contexts, getting data i nto a form amenable to analysis and visualization is challenging. In other words, companies should put a lot of effort into the development of tools that would help to visualize and process such massive amounts of information. There are connections between all of the pieces of data. However, it is nearly impossible to detect correct correlations for most individuals. Most of them are utterly meaningless, and the goal of big data is to eliminate this problem. Another common issue is that current data processing programs use certain algorithms that can be abused if one has the knowledge of such weaknesses. Current big data systems are not able to recognize such cases. The biggest problem is sentence structures because they are still extremely hard to analyze. Nevertheless, developers are trying to minimize possible errors that could be made by their systems. Big Data and Companies Benefits of Big Data for Companies The first advantage of big data technologies is that they help with th e decision-making process. Gathered data is stored and analyzed to develop new strategies. Also, it allows a firm to see the effectiveness of said strategies through a variety of financial metrics. Nowadays, the use of the internet is essential for every company and data about web page visits, online purchases, web traffic, and other crucial statistics should be stored.  The second benefit is that the new technologies are being developed that help with the visual representation. Pflugfelder (2013, p. 19) states that in some cases, these collaborations may result in infographics, which have exploded in popularity in the last few years, or data visualizations of more traditional forms. This means that it is necessary for enterprises to collaborate because they may share technologies to provide a range of benefits to each other. Infographics are especially useful for companies because they are relatively easy to understand and can be demonstrated at meetings and conferences. It is ne cessary to build an analytics team if an enterprise plans to implement a big data project (Gudivada, Baeza-Yates, Raghavan 2015). Each member of such group has a set of tasks and responsibilities to ensure the success of operations.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Implications of Big Data specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Limitations of Big Data for Companies Numerous restrictions are connected with the usage of big data technologies for enterprises. First of all, some barriers prevent companies in this industry from fully incorporating this approach. The knowledge gap is a critical issue. Many businesses think that these kinds of technologies are disruptive to the business and prefer more traditional methods. Also, some firms are just too small and do not have sufficient funds to start using big data technologies. Another issue is that some valuable information may be lost when processed because it is just numbers, and human interference is always necessary. The second restriction is that the implementation of big data technologies that are still not fully developed requires extreme amounts of resources. Xu, Cai, and Liang (2015, p. 205) claim that new tools and techniques are obviously needed if the data are too large or too complex to surpass the capacity of existing methods to process and analyze. This claim signifies that the development of new computer software is of utmost importance, and most enterprises are still not ready to use big data. Big Data and Governments Benefits of Big Data for Governments There are numerous benefits of big data for authorities. The first benefit is that with the introduction of big data, governments are able to perform the same operations that they were doing but much more cheaply and efficiently. It may be helpful in such areas as cyber security, public safety and justice, and finance and operations. The second benefit is its extreme usefulne ss when governments try to guarantee well-being of citizens and protect the country. Search engine queries can be analyzed to predict possible outbreaks of epidemic diseases and the governments would be able to stop such disasters from happening. Phone call records can also be monitored to prevent any terrorist attacks. Currently, such companies as IBM offer analysis of data to governments. Very soon, close to 35 percents of all the collected data will be useful because of the introduction of new technologies (Ohlhorst 2013). Limitations of Big Data for Governments There are also numerous restrictions that come with the usage of big data. The most major issue that governments have to deal with is a possibility of information leakage. This is especially dangerous in the era of the Internet when information may be posted online, and millions of users are able to see it.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The safety of the citizens is of utmost importance for all the governments, and necessary measures should be taken to protect the data to guarantee the privacy of all the individuals. The fact that big data is extremely helpful in fighting crime and terrorism is not questionable. The second limitation is the issue of trust. Some people do not believe the authority most of the time with their information and often voice their opinions against laws and acts that are deemed as excessive. It has been a part of a famous scandal connected with Edward Snowden, who has leaked secret information. Liang et al. (2015, p. 2385) state that providing security services increases the computation and the occupation of system resources. In other words, governments need to sacrifice some resources to protect the valuable information. Effects of Big Data on Companies in Manufacturing Industry The analysis of data is especially beneficial for the companies. First of all, various procedures are used by b usinesses to help with the decision-making process. They analyze, generate and store all kinds of data from various sources such as clients and distributors. Technologies can be bought from companies that are focused on these types of operations. Certain types of data should be collected for decision-making purposes. This is especially true for firms that operate in the manufacturing sector because analytics are extremely crucial to assess the needs of customers. For example, information about customer profiles should be stored to see the effectiveness of the current strategy of a company. Knowledge about orders is also crucial for every business. Customer service reports should be gathered because opinions of clients are essential, and every enterprise should be able to base their future strategies with those views in mind. Some metrics are commonly used by the companies in this industry to measure the quality and satisfaction levels of clients that help to identify if expenses are reasonable or not. Big data is extremely helpful when a company is trying to develop a servitization strategy. Opresnik and Taisch (2015, p. 175) claim that servitization will be used even more by manufacturing enterprises to create additional and more secure revenue streams, since global competition is increasing while margins are lowering. This means that big data is capable of analyzing if produced products should be delivered to customers with various services as an additional value. Recommendations It is highly necessary for corporations to be prepared for big data. After the analysis of peer-reviewed journal articles I was able to get a better understanding of the topic and would like to make recommendations for companies that are still hesitant about the implementation of big data systems. The first recommendation is that the help of big data analytics companies should be requested. They should help on each step of the process thanks to their experience that they have earned during many years in the business. These companies should help with the analysis of information that would not have been recognized by most of the systems. Analysis of data that has different values is much harder than analysis of simple data. This happens because the information is collected from various sources and in many forms. These companies also offer other kinds of services such as data management that are very useful for the firms.  My second recommendation is that a company should carefully develop its privacy policy to maximize the benefits from the collected information while protecting the privacy of the customers. Obtained data may be shared with business partners, law enforcement, service providers, and affiliates. However, it should be encrypted and should not reveal any private information. Also, there is a need to publish a remedy if a client’s security is breached. However, a company should do it in case of an emergency to minimize possible damage to the image of a corporation. My final recommendation is that companies should consider the development of their own big data systems. Alexander, Hoisie, and Szalay (2011, p. 11) found that in addition to the hardware investments required, there is a pressing need to invest in research and development of analysis algorithms. Differently put, a company could develop their own computer software or analysis methods to get ahead of competitors in the market. If it is not possible, some employees should be trained to work with big data systems because they are extremely complex and require vast knowledge. Conclusion In conclusion, big data is becoming a huge part of the modern world. Companies that still not have invested in this method of information processing should revise their opinions on this subject. For me, the most significant part of this research was to get a better understanding of the state of big data technologies, and what could possibly happen to them in the future. Initially, I would not have been able to formulate a definition of big data because this term is not widely known. Having analyzed the peer-reviewed articles I came to the conclusion that the technologies are still being in relatively early stage of development, and a lot needs to be done. Most importantly, I have learned that big data currently has its limitations for all the sectors. This information is helpful for me as a consultant because I am able to develop my own opinion on this subject. However, I have not sufficiently improved my understanding of the way big data functions because I do not have the sufficient knowledge of the subject. As a next step, I need to research the literature on this topic to develop as a business consultant. Overall, big data has its benefits and limitations. Most of the companies gather various data, but most of it is not processed. Xhafa (2015, p. 1) found that companies can adopt data-driven knowledge for their decision-making by finding meaningful patte rns in their business data. Differently put, enterprises should use available information to the full potential. Nevertheless, technologies are always developing, and they should be widely used by both companies and governments. It is the future of analytics, but other methods should not be disregarded right away because they have proven their efficiency. Reference List Alexander, F, Hoisie, A, Szalay, A 2011, Big data, Computing in Science and Engineering, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 10-13. Cron, A, Nguyen, H, Parameswaran, A 2012, Big data, XRDS: Crossroads, The ACM Magazine for Students, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 7-8. Gudivada, V, Baeza-Yates, R, Raghavan, V 2015, Big data: promises and problems, Computer, vol. 48 no. 3, pp. 20-23. Liang, Q, Ren, J, Liang, J, Zhang, B, Pi, Y, Zhao, C 2015, Security in big data, Security and Communication Networks, vol. 8, no. 14, pp. 2383-2385. Ohlhorst, F 2013, Big data analytics, John Wiley Sons, Hoboken, NJ. Opresnik, D, Taisch, M 2015, The value of b ig data in servitization, International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 165, no.1, pp. 174-184. Pflugfelder, E 2013, Big data, big questions, Communication Design Quarterly Review, vol. 1, no.4, pp. 18-21. Xhafa, F 2015, Big data knowledge discovery, Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 1-2. Xu, M, Cai, H, Liang, S 2015, Big data and industrial ecology, Journal of Industrial Ecology, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 205-210. Wu, X, Zhu, X, Wu, G, Ding, W 2013, Data mining with big data, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 97-107.

The allegory between wisdom and strength Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The allegory between wisdom and strength - Essay Example To the left, there is a description on the pedestals of the column that has a quotation from Ecclesiastes, which is â€Å"All is Vanity†. It means that all earthly thing including power, nations, wars, kingship, love and strength and are hence meaningless comparing to heavenly ones, as embodied by Divine. This is evident in Baroque style of painting, representation of the divine in painting. In addition, the theme here is the strength of Hercules, which by no means is comparable to the virtues of divine understanding. Boucher’s position of the figures in the painting, he places the mighty Hercules below Wisdom, who almost slumps downwards. A divine light is above the head of the woman and has one of her breast exposed. Apparently, based on a celestial figure, the saintly woman stands on a small globe, which symbolizes the world as she cast her eyes up to the heavens. It could also suggest that the male (Hercules) is falling while female (Wisdom) is rising. The woman is surrounded by a blue sky while the man is surrounded by earth colors. One could argue that the painting is suggesting that the force fails when faced by gentleness. The halo of light, which is above the woman, is a reflection of her spiritual wisdom. The painting suggests the power harnessing outside the everyday. The structure and patterns that the two artist use, are derived from the energies of the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. However, mythic images are not presented in the person unconscious.

Global Marketing Strategy and Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Global Marketing Strategy and Practice - Essay Example It was founded in the year 1981 in the city of New York (Buffalo Wild Wings, Inc, n. d). Within 2009, the restaurant spread across 652 locations. The organization recently changed the headquarter form Cincinnati to Minneapolis (Buffalo Wild Wings, n. d). The most famous products of the organization are Buffalo wings and various sauces. The organization is popular all over the world as BW3 (Company history, n. d). Over the years, the organization have increased the variety of products with the introduction of more than dozen unique dipping sauces which are served with the special Buffalo style chicken wings. Besides specializing on the Buffalo wings, the restaurant chains have included various appetizers, burgers salads, desserts and refreshment in their menu (menus, n. d). More than 250 units of the restaurant are directly under the operation of the organization and the rest are operated by the franchisees (Franchise info, n. d). Reason for the primary choice of the markets of India , Japan and China could be attributed to the fact that the markets are hugely diversified and the preference of the customers for the fast foods in this part of the world are always at an increasing rate. Another factor which has guided behind the selection of the organization is the fact that the economies in the market of three countries are much more stable among the Asian countries and the organization is expected to deliver its best in the region. Process for the selection of the chosen market: The process of screening of the international market is undertaken by the analysis of the internal and external environment of the potential markets and finally coming to a conclusion regarding the choice of the country. Below is the diagrammatic representation of the screening process Internal environment Size of the market Amount of resource Degree of knowledge External environment Competitive environment Structure of industry Consideration of social, cultural and economic factors. Ana lysis of the market in China for international expansion Market Size: China is the most populous country in the world with a present population of nearly 1.341 billion. The vast population of china attracts business from all industries to invest in Chinese market. Market growth: The substantial growth in the market makes China as the second largest economy of the world after United States (CSR report for congress, 2007). Risk of investment: Initial research regarding the economic conditions interprets the market in china is stable and is capable of facing economic downturns. So any change in the global market scenario will not cause any huge loss for the marketers in China. Internal factors: In China the overall condition of the fast food industry is also very stable and the market keeps going in a rapid rate. China also the presence of various multinational fast food organizations and their figures reflect the fact that adoption to correct business strategies can yield favorable re sults for them (Fast food battle heats up in China, n. d). Market in Japan: Market size: The fast food market in Japan has been one of the most competitive markets in Japan’

My Grandpa & His Life Lessons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My Grandpa & His Life Lessons - Essay Example People seek for their life example everywhere; they like knights from legends, superheroes, presidents, celebrities, novel characters or people they barely know in life. Obviously, from the title of my essay, I prefer to appreciate my family as the greatest influence I have. Of course, all family members are equally important in my life. I would never become myself without the care and support of my mother and father. However, I would like to talk about my grandfather as the greatest person I knowMy grandfather's life experience, personal traits, and considerate attitude always have a positive influence on family relationships. When my family has to make some important decision, we have no other person who can help us better with a relevant piece of advice. Grandfather always can suggest some actions to take and things to do, to be honest with other people and support the good reputation of the family. He has experienced many life situations, which are even difficult to imagine as I represent a totally different generation. I am still too young to notice many little details in communicating with other people or settling family businesses. However, supported by my grandfather, I feel self-relevance and confidence in my future. He does not need all details to understand what other people feel; he has a strange ability or even a gift to read my mind and say the words which make me feel better in any situation. In my culture, people grow up nurturing deep respect to their relatives and older generations. Since my childhood, grandpa has been my personal example of a leader and a person who can handle any situation. When I was a little child, grandfather contributed a lot in the process of my upbringing. All family members were busy at work and I often spend time with my grandparents. I was always glad to arrive at their house; it met me with little presents and tasty food, cozy atmosphere and a number of family photos in every corner.  

Should Courts Grant Conscientious Exemptions?

Should Courts Grant Conscientious Exemptions? Should Courts Grant Conscientious Exemptions from Equality Laws as Judicial Remedy? Freedom of conscience and religion is a fundamental right as stated in Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights[1]. The key issue here is that there is no explicit reference to conscientious objection, which leads to a clash of ideals between freedom of thought, conscience and religion which may lead to individuals being permitted to discriminate against others and the principle of equality, which can only be dealt with via conscientious exemptions granted by the court. Therefore the purpose of this essay is to determine whether equality prevails over freedom of religion and whether the courts should grant conscientious exemptions from equality laws. Freedom of conscience and religion allows an individual to practice and change their religious or non-religious beliefs without interference from the government. However exercising ones right to manifest their religion or belief can overstep the mark and be inappropriate, an example being the case of Lee v McArthur[2]. In this case, the appellants were appealing an earlier ruling which stated that the appellants directly discriminated against a customer by not supplying a cake decorated with the message support gay marriage. The court upheld the original decision and gave the ruling that the bakery did in fact directly discriminate against the customer as it was a case of association with the gay and bisexual community and the protected characteristic was the sexual orientation of the community. This was a landmark case as it featured many democratic and political principles such as the right to free speech, the right to manifest ones beliefs, and the principle of equality. The rulin g also proved that, on this occasion as well as many others, equality does take precedence over freedom of conscience and religion, and that the court believed granting conscientious exemption could not be justified. The Equality Act 2010[3], in essence, is the statute that which places the limitations on the right to freedom of religion and one which all employers especially ones which provide goods and services must uphold. This is where the courts must show particular care as to defining the limits of freedom of conscience and religion as they must give particular regard to the legislation and its aim of protecting certain characteristics from discrimination in particular, sexual orientation, and religious and non-religious beliefs. One example where equality came up against freedom of religion was in the case of Hall v Bull[4]. This is a case where a same-sex couple were refused a double-bedded room by Christian hoteliers. The ruling given by Lords Neuberger and Hughes was that the couple were in fact directly discriminated against as he hoteliers were applying the criterion that their legal relationship was not that of one man and one woman, a criterion that cannot be distinguished from s exual orientation. The fact that there are a number of cases with similar rulings is more evidence that freedom of religion will not be favoured above equality, suggesting that courts are unwilling to grant conscientious exemptions. Conscientious objection has been around for many a year now, as historically humanists and religious people alike have exercised their right to refuse military service at times of conscription. One of the many ways to protect freedom of conscience and religion is by the granting of conscientious exemptions, and it is also one of the many varieties of exemption that can be granted by law[5]. This raises the question as to why the courts have not done more to protect the right to freedom of conscience and religion and grant such exemptions from equality laws. There have been a number of cases where the courts have granted conscientious exemptions, as well as being opposed to it in others. The very first case where the issue of the applicability of Article 9 (freedom of thought, conscience and religion) of the Convention to conscientious objectors was in the case of Bayatyan v Armenia[6]. In this particular case, a Jehovahs Witness was initially convicted of draft evasion and sentenced to prison for refusing to perform military service for conscientious reasons, which he then appealed to the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). The Court noted that a shift in the interpretation of Article 9 was necessary and that, being in the situation of the applicant, Article 9 was applicable to his case. The Court also noted that, by convicting the objector, Armenia had been in violation of Article 9 of the Convention. The Ruling in the Bayatyan case was a significant step in the direction of granting conscientious exemptions in relation to the refusal of engaging in military service. However, it is still debated as to whether courts should grant conscientious exemptions in relation to non-military services. In the case of Eweida and others[7], the complainants ( E, C, L and M) complained that the domestic law of the United Kingdom failed to protect their right to manifest their religion. In the applications of E and C, the complainants refused to remove their respective crosses as they were committed to their Christian faith. Their respective employers did not allow them to remain in their positions, with E not allowed to remain in her post while visibly wearing the cross, and C being moved to a different post which then ceased to exist. L was employed by a local authority as a registrar or births, deaths and marriages. However, as a Christian, she believed same-sex civil partnerships were contrar y to Gods law, and therefore refused to be designated as a registrar of civil partnerships, resulting in the loss of her job. M was employed by a private company with a policy of providing services to equally to opposite-sex and same-sex couples. However M refused to commit to providing counselling to same-sex couples, resulting in disciplinary proceedings being brought against him. The ruling given in the application of Eweida was that while the employer had a legitimate aim of wishing to project a certain corporate image, the domestic courts had given it too much weight[8]. However in Cs case, the judgement made was that interference with her freedom to manifest her religion was necessary in a democratic society and that there had been no breach of Article 9[9]. The reason for this was that asking her to remove the cross was of a greater magnitude than that applied in respect of E, since it was for the protection of health and safety. It was also noted that hospitals were better placed to make decisions about clinical safety than a court, especially one where no direct evidence was heard. The judgement given in the case of L was that there had been no breach of Article 14 in conjunction with Article 9 of the Convention as the local authoritys policy aimed to secure the rights of others, which were protected under the convention as well as Ls right to manifest her religion[10]. As in the case of M, the most important factor was that the employers action was intended to secure the implementation of its policy of providing a service without discrimination. This then allowed the state authorities to benefit from a wide margin of appreciation, which was not exceeded. Therefore, the ruling was that there was no breach of Article 9, taken alone or in conjunction with Article 14 of the Convention[11]. The main issue with all applications within the particular case, as with many other cases, was striking the right balance between the right to manifest ones religion and providing a service equally to everyone. Brian Barry is one theorist who holds the view that conscientious exemptions can rarely be justified and that it is hard to steer a path between the position that doing (or avoiding) X is so important that all should do it, and the alternative position that people should be free to decide for themselves whether to X[12]. This suggests that a path must be found if freedom conscience is to be taken seriously. Even more evidence to suggest that freedom of conscience will not be taken seriously in court and that the principle of equality will always trump the freedom of thought, conscience and religion. The clash between the right to thought, conscience and religion and the principle of equality has been and will be continuing for a very long time. Early evidence suggests that equality does prevail, as domestic and European courts have shown in their judgements of many human rights cases. As with the majority of cases, the complainant is usually an employee who may have been given disciplinary action by their employer. The key issue was whether there is a fair balance in each particular case and whether or not there was a wide margin of appreciation. Each case has different set of facts and what must be known is the circumstances surrounding the facts of the case e.g. was there a policy within the company that restricts one to manifest their religion, can it affect the health and safety of others, and are there other colleagues who wear religious materials but were not disciplined. As courts have shown to be more towards equality, and the fact that one case is completely different t o another, conscientious exemptions should not be granted as judicial remedy. However, whilst conscientious objection is as of now a right under Article 9 of the Convention[13] in relation to refusing to engage is warfare, it is still not explicitly stated so therefore such exemptions from equality laws should not be granted as judicial remedy. Bibliography Cases Bayatyan v Armenia (2012) 54 EHRR 15 Eweida and others v United Kingdom (2013) 57 EHRR 8 Hall v Bull[2013] UKSC 73 Lee v McArthur [2016] NICA 39 Legislations Equality Act 2010 EU Treaties Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (European Convention on Human Rights, as amended) (ECHR) art 9 Books B Barry, Culture and Equality (2001) 46, 50 (as cited in Yossi Nehustan, Religious Conscientious Exemptions (2011) 30 Law and Phil. 143) Journal Articles Yossi Nehustan, Religious Conscientious Exemptions (2011) 30 Law and Phil. 143 [1] Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (European Convention on Human Rights, as amended) (ECHR) art 9 [2] Lee v McArthur [2016] NICA 39 [3] Equality Act 2010 [4] Hall v Bull[2013] UKSC 73 [5] Yossi Nehustan, Religious Conscientious Exemptions (2011) 30 Law and Phil. 143 [6] Bayatyan v Armenia (2012) 54 EHRR 15 [7] Eweida and others v United Kingdom (2013) 57 EHRR 8 [8] Eweida (n 7) [94-95] [9] Eweida (n 7) [99-100] [10] Eweida (n 7) [106] [11] Eweida (n 7) [109-110] [12] B Barry, Culture and Equality (2001) 46, 50 (as cited in Yossi Nehustan, Religious Conscientious Exemptions (2011) 30 Law and Phil. 143) [13] (ECHR) art 9 (n 1) Atrial Fibrillation: Basic Pathophysiology Atrial Fibrillation: Basic Pathophysiology Introduction Atrial fibrillation is the most common form of cardiac arrhythmia; it involves the two upper chambers of the heart known as the atria. During atrial fibrillation the normal pulses generated by the sinoatrial node are overcome by the electrical pulses that are generated in the atria and pulmonary veins, which leads to irregular impulses being conducted to the ventricles, and therefore irregular heartbeats are generated. AF is identified by rapid and oscillatory waves that vary in amplitude, shape and timing instead of regular P-waves. Electrocardiograms are therefore used commonly to diagnose AF in patients. Arterial Fibrillation can present asymptomatically meaning that it can present in a patient but show no symptoms, it is considered to be non life threatening in many cases although it can result in heart palpitations, fainting, chest pain and in chronic cases congestive heart failure. The risk of stroking is also increased due to the fact that blood may pool and form clots in poorly contracting atria. Patients with AF are usually given blood-thinning medication such as warfarin to stop clots forming. Atrial fibrillation can occur in the absence of structural heart disease, known as lone AF, although this only occurs in approx. 15% of cases. Commonly AF is associated with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, coronary artery disease, pulmonary disease, valvular heart disease and coronary heart failure. Basic Pathophysiology of Atrial Fibrillation Atrial fibrillation usually begins with increased premature atrial contractions (ectopic beats) progressing to brief runs of atrial fibrillation usually that are usually self-terminating, over time these episodes can increase in duration and sometimes become persistent. During this progression structural changes in the atria occur as well as biochemical changes in the atrial myocytes. Pathophysiological adaptation of the atria to fibrillation has been broadly termed remodeling. More specifically, the changes primarily affecting the excitability and electrical activity of the atrial myocytes have been termed electrophysiological remodeling. The primary change in the structure of the atria is fibrosis, which is usually considered to be due to the atrial dilation, although in some cases genetic influences and inflammation can also be a cause. In 1990 Sanfilippo stated that atrial dilation was not a consequence of AF although more recently in 2005 Osranek stated that atrial dilation was not a consequence of AF. Dilation is due to almost any structural abnormality of the heart, such as hypertension, valvular heart disease and congestive heart failure; this structural abnormality causes a rise in intra-cardiac pressures. Demonstrating the strong relationship between atrial fibrillation and structural heart disease. Once dilation does occur it begins sequences of events that lead to the activation of the rein aldosterone angiotensin system and a subsequent increase in matrix metaloproteinases and disintegrin, leading to remodeling of the atria and fibrosis. Fibrosis is not limited to muscle mass of the atria, it can occur in sinus node and atroventricular node also, relating to sinus node dysfunction (sick sinus syndrome). During normal electrical conduction of the heart the SA node generates a pulse that propagates to and stimulates the muscle of the heart (myocardium), when stimulated the myocardium contracts. The order of stimulation is what causes correct contraction of the heart, allowing the heart to function correctly. During atrial fibrillation the impulse produced by the SA node is overcome by rapid electrical discharges produced in the atria and adjacent parts of the pulmonary veins. When AF progresses from paroxysmal to persistent the sources of these conflictions increase and localise in the atria. Principles of Catheterization and Ablation The fundamental aim of catheter ablation is to eliminate ectopic beats that arise most often in the pulmonary veins and less often in the superior vena cova and coronary sinus. This is accomplished through catheter insertion into blood veins in order to reach the heart, isolation of abnormal heart tissue and ablation of this abnormal heart tissue through the use of radiofrequency, cryoblation or high intensity focused ultrasound. Rate Control and Rhythm Control Despite ablative techniques and antiarrhythmic drugs available, management of common rhythm disturbance remains a problem. Rate control is the preferred treatment for permanent atrial fibrillation and for some patients with persistent atrial fibrillation, if they are either over 65 years of age or have coronary heart disease. Rate control is usually done through the use of pharmaceutical drugs (usually beta blockers or rate limiting calcium channel blockers) in order to slow ventricular heart rate and stop the atria from fibrillating. Rhythm control is most commonly used for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and in some cases of persistent atrial fibrillation if the patient is either less than 65 years of age, has lone atrial fibrillation or congestive heart failure. Rhythm control is usually achieved through the use of either a cardioversion (electrically or pharmacological) or the use of pharmaceutical drugs (usually beta blockers) in order to maintain sinus rhythm. T his treatment is needed for a longer time in order to stop reoccurrence of atrial fibrillation. [http://www.cks.nhs.uk/atrial_fibrillation/management/detailed_answers/first_or_new_presentation_of_af/rate_or_rhythm_control#-391784). Atrial fibrillation is treated most commonly pharmaceutically although if the drugs cannot control the AF or if the patient is having a bad reaction to the medication, catheter ablation therapy allows for greater control of heart rate and rhythm than drug therapy although it does present more risk to the patient. Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation Electrically isolating arhythmogenic thoracic veins is the most important aspect of this procedure. The application of radiofrequency energy to an endocardial surface is used to cause cellular electrical destruction with the loss of cellular electrical properties, essentially the destruction of abnormal electrical activity [39,40]. This technique can be enhanced through the use of larger ablation electrodes, [41-46] allowing the creation of deeper lesions. During the procedure a physician will map the area to locate abnormal electrical activity, this is facilitated through the use of electroanatomic mapping system (fig 2) allowing for better navigation when the catheter is inserted into the artery. Reported success of radiofrequency ablation is dependent on the severity of the condition and ranges from 65% to 85% and patients presenting with complications is 5%.[cryostat] Cryoblation The most used format of cryoblation is the cryoballoon approach. This involves a deflectable a deflectable over-the-wire catheter with an inner and outer balloon inserted, allowing for anatomical variance this balloon is available in two sizes (23mm and 28mm). The guidewire is positioned in the distal part of the pulmonary vein, the deflated balloon is then progressed to the pulmonary vein ostium. Using the central balloon marker the balloon position is then estimated before inflation, once the desired position is found the balloon is inflated; pressurized N20 is then delivered to the tip of the catheter via an ultrafine injection tube down a central lumen in the inner balloon, working like an expansion chamber. Sudden expansion of the liquid gas causes evaporation and absorption of heat from tissue and low temperatures are then achieved (Approx -80dc). An occlusion angiogram is then performed in the central lumen of the catheter to ensure good balloon pulmonary vein contact. Cryobla tion is then started for at least five minutes under the condition that optimum pulmonary venous occlusion is achieved. The most important issue when using this technique is to establish optimum contact between the pulmonary vein antrum and the balloon. High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) High intensity ultrasound is used in percutaneous ablation of atrial fibrillation through the use of a steerable balloon catheter. The high intensity focused ultrasound balloon is positioned at the ostium of the pulmonary veins and forms a sonicating ring to ablate pulmonary vein antrum when high intensity focused ultrasound is delivered. An arrhythmia-free rate of 59%-75% was achieved by HIFU balloon in several studies investigating its effectiveness in atrial fibrillation ablation.15-17 Commercially Available Devices and Systems Medtronic GENius Multichannel RF Generator This generator is used for the creation of endocardial lesions during cardiac ablation procedures for the treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias. The generator delivers temperature-controlled radiofrequency energy, utilizing five radiofrequency energy mode selections: bipolar only, unipolar only, and combination energy mode selections of 4:1, 2:1, and 1:1. This system must be used with a catheter that is single use and sold separately to the device. The generator automatically recognizes the attached Cardiac Ablation Catheter and loads preset default temperature, time, and energy mode setting parameters. Ablation parameters such as ablation duration, energy mode, target temperature and channels can also be manually selected. Medtronic Cardiac CryoAblation Device The CryoConsole contains both electrical and mechanical components as well as exclusive software for controlling and recording a cryotherapy procedure. This system requires catheters that are purchased separately such as Medtronics Artic front cryoablation catheter (Fig. 3). This system stores and controls the delivery of the liquid refrigerant through the coaxial umbilical to the catheter, recovers the refrigerant vapor from the catheter under constant vacuum, and disposes of the refrigerant through the hospital scavenging system. Multiple features are built into both the CryoConsole system and catheters to ensure safety. Epicor Cardiac Ablation System Price The Epicor LP Cardiac Ablation System delivers High Intensity Focused Ultrasound using algorithms designed to precisely deliver energy up to 10mm. Unlike the other treatments high intensity focused ultrasound has the ability to create lesions from the inside out, depositing energy at the endocardium first and then building the lesion back up to the surface. The ability to focus HIFU cardiac ablation energy helps reduce the risk of tissue disruption, charring and collateral damage as well as overcome procedural limitations that have historically been associated with other ablation technologies. Conclusion In terms of ablation the umbrella terminology of Atrial Fibrillation does not take into account the complex nature of the disease. If a patient presents with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation they may only require a single catheter to be used, however if this condition becomes more continuous/chronic the patient may require multiple catheters and 3D navigational software. The three techniques described in this report appear to be similar in terms of their success rate, radiofrequency and cryoablation have a success rate of approx. 65-85% while High intensity focused ultrasound has a success rate of approx. 59-75%, this perhaps indicates that high intensity focused ultrasound may not be as effective in treating atrial fibrillation as radiofrequency and cryoablation although it is worth noting that these figures are taken from different research studies at different times and involve different patients that could be presenting greater or lesser a severity of atrial fibrillation.

Amino Acid Supplements for Body-building and Exercise :: Science Chemistry Health Essays

Amino Acid Supplements for Body-building and Exercise Contents: This paper is divided into two sections. The first section contains information about research of amino acid supplements found on the Internet. The second section contains published research studies addressing questions of effectiveness and safety of the supplements. Section 1: Internet-based Research Involving Amino Acids General Overview of Section 1 The sports of bodybuilding and fitness are undergoing changes as supplemental products enhance the performance of athletes. With access to the Internet, these products are readily available, but the effectiveness is in question. Amino acids are one form of supplementation that is being used by many people today. Research on the Internet shows that amino acids are available in seemingly countless varieties with most of the information being presented by the companies who sell them. Each form claims to have some enhancing effect, such as better performance, increased strength, or just benefiting results for athletes. However, not all of the amino acid products on the market claim to help the visible physical aspects. Some affect internal or emotional processes. Support for many of these claims are from the users themselves, with little scientific support. Amino Acids and their Functions According to David Spindel, "amino acids are organic molecules that form the basic constituents of protein. " They are the "building blocks" of the body. They build and repair various body parts and aid certain body functions. There are twenty-two amino acids. Eight are essential and fourteen are non-essential. The body does not manufacture the essential acids and does manufacture the non-essential acids. The body contains a free amino acid pool that contains tissues and bodily fluids. Amino acids enter this pool by three ways. Amino acids enter during digestion of foods containing protein, when body protein decomposes, and when carbon sources and NH3 synthesize the non-essentials. When protein intake is insufficient, there are not enough amino acids entering the pool to compensate for the lost ones. This affects the muscle size and strength (4). Amino acids aid the body in many ways, and are definitely needed by the body to function properly. Supplements are needed only when the bod y does not get the required amounts. The purposes of amino acid supplements are to replenish the lacking acid supply and in most sports uses, to stimulate lean mass growth without sacrificing present muscle mass.

Relationship Of Emotional Intelligence Education Essay

Present survey was conducted to happen out the relationship between emotional intelligence and optimism with academic accomplishment in A degree pupils. A sample of 50 pupils in which 25 misss and 25 male childs, age ranged from 16 to 20 old ages were taken from 3 schools. They completed two questionnaire Life Orientation Test-Revised and Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test. And Academic Achievement was measured through classs of the pupils from their school record. Pearson correlativity and t-test was applied on informations that revealed 1 ) extremely important relationship between emotional intelligence, optimism and academic accomplishment. 2 ) There is no important gender difference on the graduated tables of Life Orientation Test-Revised and Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test. Findingss showed that there is a positive relationship of emotional intelligence and optimism with academic accomplishment therefore it is of import for the parents and the instru ctors to do the kids learn to be optimistic and learn to command and pull off their emotions as good.IntroductionThis research aims to happen the relation of emotional intelligence and optimism with academic accomplishment among pupils of ( A degrees ) higher secondary school. Academic accomplishment merely did non picture that the pupil is emotionally intelligent or optimistic and can make good in all stages of life. Traditionally an persons smarting is measured in footings of his or her IQ, it is assumed that professionals and experts have high IQ, nevertheless IQ serves as merely the index of numerical and analytical ability, it has little or no significance with success in professional and personal life because harmonizing to Goleman ( 1995 ) IQ entirely is no more the step for success ; emotional intelligence, societal intelligence, and fortune besides play a large function in a individual ‘s success, it is the Emotional Intelligence which turns the human being into a successful and comfortable because they knew their emotions and can place other ‘s every bit good and able to pull strings them or command them in better manner and if the individual is optimistic so his/her optimistic thought and emotional intelligence will decidedly escorts him/her to successful life, consequently this research aspires to falter on the relation of emotional intelligence and optimism with academic a ccomplishment. Emotional intelligence ( EI ) can be defined as ; it is being able to supervise our ain and others feelings and emotions, to know apart among them, and to utilize this to steer our thought and actions ( Salovey & A ; Mayer, 1990 ) . The property of EI is basically comprised of four basic constituents ; the ability to acknowledge and show emotion ; being able to entree and utilize emotions to enable idea ; the ability to understand emotions ; and to pull off emotions. The emotionally intelligent individual is skilled in four countries: identifying, utilizing, understanding and modulating emotions ( Salovey & A ; Mayer, 1993 ) . Then it can be said that success depends on several intelligences and on the control of emotions. John Mayer and Peter Salovey ( 1990 ) found that some people were better than others at things like placing their ain feelings, placing the feelings of others, and work outing jobs affecting emotional issues. Harmonizing to them EI is a true signifier of intelligen ce which has non been scientifically measured. They proposed that emotional intelligence trades with the emotions in a manner that if person is emotionally intelligent he/she will be better able to pull off his/her emotions and incorporate them. Harmonizing to Cooper and Sawaf ( 1997 ) , emotional intelligence is the ability to logically pull off the emotions, understands and to applies these controlled and managed emotions to link and act upon. These writers lay more accent on the application portion of EI in organisations. In simple words emotional intelligence is utilizing your emotions intelligently. The first measure to this would be acknowledging and understanding your emotions. For illustration, if your foreman shriek at you in office today because you came in late, coming place and shouting at your childs would non be the best thing to make. It will merely maintain the negative feeling drifting from one individual ‘s caput to another. An emotionally intelligent individual in this state of affairs would first acknowledge that he is angry because his foreman yelled at him. Dr. Goleman ( 1999 ) asserts that consciousness of our feelings besides enables us to comprehend the feelings of others accurately -to be empa thic, to experience with another individual. In this instance, understanding that your foreman yelled because you came tardily, will do you recognize that being on clip will do things better. Therefore, covering with our emotions rationally and intelligently will do events better. When psychologists began to compose and believe about intelligence, they focused on cognitive facets, such as memory and problem-solving. ( Cherniss, 2000 ) . However, there were research workers who recognized early on that the non-cognitive facets were besides of import. For case, David Wechsler defined intelligence as â€Å" the sum or planetary capacity of the person to move purposefully, to believe rationally, and to cover efficaciously with his environment † ( Wechsler, 1958 ) as cited in ( Cherniss, 2000 ) . Wechsler referred to non-intellectiveE? every bit good as intellectiveE? by which he meant affectional, personal, and societal factors. Wechsler was non the lone research worker who saw non-cognitive facets of intelligence to be of import for version and success. Robert Thorndike as cited in ( Cherniss, 2000 ) , to take another illustration, was composing about societal intelligenceE? in the late mid-thirtiess ( Thorndike & A ; Stein, 1937 ) . Unfortunately, the wor k of these early innovators was mostly disregarded or overlooked until 1983 when Howard Gardner as cited in ( Cherniss, 2000 ) , began to compose about multiple intelligence. Gardner ( 1983 ) proposed that intrapersonal and interpersonal intelligences are every bit of import as the type of intelligence typically measured by IQ. Academic accomplishment is the ability to analyse, synthesise, and measure information, efficaciously communicate with others, proficient in scientific discipline, mathematics, computer/technical accomplishments, foreign linguistic communications, every bit good as history, geographics, and planetary consciousness, capable of collaboratively working in culturally diverse scenes, leaders who see undertakings through to completion, responsible determination shapers who are self-motivated and active political participants and ethical persons who are committed to their households, communities, and co-workers ( Nidds & A ; McGerald, 1996 ) . The relationship of emotional intelligence and academic accomplishment can be depicted from this survey conducted by Elias, M. J. , Gara, M. , Schuyler, T. , Brandon-Muller, L. R. , & A ; Sayette, M. A ( 1991 ) that the learning emotional and societal accomplishments is really of import at school, it can impact academic accomplishment positively non merely during the twelvemonth they are taught, but during the old ages that follow every bit good. Teaching these accomplishments has a long-run consequence on accomplishment. Emotional intelligence effects the academic accomplishment in positive ways and it remains with the person by the terminal of life. The emotions, feelings, and values are critical for a individual ‘s well being and accomplishment in life ( Ediger, 1997 ) . Quality emotions and feelings help pupils give their best potency in the schoolroom. The pupils who are aversive and believe negatively can non concentrate for a long clip and hold more trouble in making their potency than others. Abdullah, Maria. , Chong. , Elias, Habibah. , Mahyuddin. , Rahil. , Uli. , Jegak ( 2004 ) conducted research to analyze pupils overall degree of EQ. Research findings indicate that there is positive relationship between EQ and academic accomplishment. The pupil ‘s positive relationship with academic accomplishment indicated that if the pupil performed better on his/her faculty members so he/she will be emotionally intelligent excessively. And the other determination of this survey is the pupils have negative relationship of EQ with the negative affect ( choler, defeat and anxiousness ) which showed that the pupils with high Equivalents have low negative affect or negative relationship with negative affect ( choler, defeat and anxiousness ) . Natalio. E. A. , Duran, L. R ( 2006 ) examined the relationships between perceived emotional intelligence ( PEI ) , dispositional optimism/pessimism and psychological accommodation ( sensed emphasis and life satisfaction. Findingss confirmed that emotional lucidity and temper fix are important in foretelling sensed emphasis and life satisfaction after the influence of optimism/pessimism were controlled. Thus this research predicted that striplings with high perceptual experiences of emotional abilities ( in specific, high lucidity and fix ) by and large show higher life satisfaction and lower perceived emphasis. Furthermore, to some grade, this consequence might be considered as independent from their ain optimistic or pessimistic temperaments. James, D. A. , Parker, R. E. , Creque, D. L. , Barnhart, J. I. , Harris, S. A. , Majeski, L. M. ( 2004 ) found the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic accomplishment in high school Trent university Peterborough. Variables were compared in ( extremely successful pupils, reasonably successful, and less successful based on grade-point-average for the twelvemonth ) , academic success was strongly associated with several dimensions of emotional intelligence. Sing that EI can be a possible determiner of accomplishment in working life, therefore the survey aims to find if there is any important difference in EI of the local and foreign pupils, if the emotional intelligence consequence the academic accomplishment and it besides differs in local and foreign pupils. This survey reveals that people be evaluated on their ain virtue of emotional intelligence instead their academic success ( James & A ; Irene, 2003 ) . Empirical research has produced grounds proposing that the ability to measure, modulate and use emotions ( i.e. emotional intelligence ) is of import to the public presentation of workers, survey reveals that the potency for enhanced emotional capablenesss could be improved and there is strong relationship of emotional intelligence and academic accomplishment ( Jaeger, 2003 ) . The Oxford Dictionary of English defines optimism as â€Å" hopefulness and assurance about the hereafter or the success of something † . Optimism is a province where people believe that there are more opportunities of things traveling good and good, instead than their traveling bad. Harmonizing to Seligman ( 1991 ) optimism is: â€Å" Changing the destructive things you say to yourself when you experience the reverses that life trades us, is the cardinal accomplishment of optimism † . Optimism can besides be defined as the inclination to believe that one will by and large see good versus bad results in life ( Scheier & A ; Carver, 1987 ) . It is the mental province wherein people believe that things are more likely to travel good for them than travel severely, it is ever anticipating good for the hereafter and holding faith on 1s ownself. Seligman ( 1991 ) position ‘s that optimism is a belief that the actions of single affairs. Optimism is an explanatory manner, and single with this manner or optimistic persons 1 ) see that the causes of good events in life are lasting ( e.g. , due to their abilities, their traits and their cistrons etc. ) and bad events have their causes as temporarily, ( 2 ) they generalized good events alternatively of bad 1s, ( 3 ) do n't fault themselves for bad events alternatively see that good events are because of them ( Gatz, 1998 ) . The chief advantages of optimism may be found in increasing continuity and committedness during the stage of action toward a chosen end, and in bettering the ability to digest unmanageable agony. Mentions and farther reading may be available for this article. To see mentions and farther reading you must buy Optimism is another emotional competency that leads to increased productiveness. Optimistic persons when have assurance on themselves and hold good outlooks and hope, it will increase the public presentation in better manner, optimistic persons can break trades with life stressors, when these stressors could non consequence their good public presentation the productiveness or accomplishment in any stage of life will increase. ( Seligman, 1990 ) . On the whole, research on optimism indicates that a positive orientation toward life leads to pull offing hard state of affairss with less subjective emphasis and less negative impact on physical wellbeing. Optimists by and large accept world more readily and seek to take active and constructive stairss to work out their jobs, whereas pessimists are more likely to prosecute in flight and tend to give up in their attempts to accomplish ends ( Scheier & A ; Carver, 1992 ) . Another argument sing optimism is that whether it can or can non be learned. Several researches show that optimism is a manner of believing that can be learned. Seligman ( 1991 ) , in his book, Learned Optimism told that optimism can be learned. Researches support the theory that being optimistic has many benefits, and that being pessimistic has many costs, on a individual ‘s overall quality of life ( McCambridge, Strang, Butler, Keaney, & A ; Anderson, 2006 ) . Harmonizing to another survey, optimism leads to break academic public presentation as optimistic persons can break trade with the stressors and therefore they give better consequences ( Whipple, & A ; Gootman, 2001 ) . In one survey conducted on optimism it is noted that optimism and thought are positively related with job resolution, optimistic individual tackle state of affairs in a better manner and happen out better solution ( Schwarz, & A ; Tesser, 2001 ) . In another survey conducted by Merrell ( 2001 ) it is proved that an optimistic individual can break header with troubles and is more flexible and lasting in bad state of affairss and adversities of life so a pessimistic individual ( Merrell, 2001 ) . Research shows that optimist people can break trade with failure, foremost because they think of failure as something that can be changed and secondly they can pull off emphasis and lift better from adversities ( Whipple, & A ; Gootman, 2001 ) . Page and Wayne ( 2007 ) found that academic optimism is a school feature that predicts pupil accomplishment even commanding for socioeconomic position. The survey presented that positive psychological science variables ( hope, optimism, heedfulness ) are stronger in high accomplishing pupils than in low achieving pupils. ( Pajares, 2001 ) . Nonis, A. S. & A ; Wright, D ( 2003 ) investigated that pupil public presentation has become an progressively of import subject in higher instruction, the survey aimed to detect that to what extent pupil ability, accomplishment, striv1ing and situational optimism influence public presentation results and to look into the synergistic effects of ability and accomplishment every bit good as situational optimism on pupil public presentation results. In educational establishments, success is measured by academic public presentation, or how good a pupil meets criterions set out by local authorities and the establishment itself. In academic achievement pupil ‘s public presentation will be measured through classs of a twelvemonth. Academic accomplishment is defined as â€Å" the quality and measure of a pupil ‘s work † . The survey aims to mensurate the academic accomplishment in footings of emotional intelligence and optimism, for this intent the sample will be taken from the higher Secondary School pupils of A degrees. A degrees is considered the alternate making in Pakistan. Most common alternate making is the ‘General Certificate of Education ‘ or GCE, where HSSC is replaced with ‘Advanced Level ‘ or A Level severally. GCE AS/A Level are managed by British scrutiny boards of ‘Cambridge Assessment ‘ or CIE of the company of ‘University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate ‘ or UCLES. Another British scrutiny board that offers GCE AS/A Level is Edexcel of the company of Pearson PLC. However, CIE makings of GCE are much preferred option than those of Edexcel. These makings are coming to be more well-thought-of socially and in footings of occupation employment. In Pakistan the most of the pupils are in schools which are SCC or HSSC but for few old ages people who are stable financially preferred the alternate making system because there is a large difference in both school systems, from classs to extracurricular activities, even learning manner is different and most of the population of Pakistan belongs to the in-between category so people can non afford their kids to be in O/A degrees. Academic success is of import because it is strongly linked to the positive results value for kids. Research shows that grownups with high degrees of instruction are more likely to be employed, and to gain higher wages ( National Center for Education Statistics, 2001 ; U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1999 ) . Newhouse & A ; Beegle ( 2005 ) evaluated the impact of school type on academic accomplishment of junior secondary school pupils in Indonesia. The findings are from Indonesia showed that private schools provide with kids the best instruction and set more attempt in the surveies of kids. In the present survey sample is from the private ( British school ) , emotional intelligence and optimism will be measured from the participants from these schools. Research besides shows that people who are academically successful are more stable in their employment ; more likely to hold wellness insurance ; are less dependent on public aid ; are less likely to prosecute in condemnable activity ; are more active as citizens and charitable voluntaries ; and are healthier ( National Alliance of Business, 1998 ) . Research workers have been challenged to travel beyond socioeconomic position in the hunt for school degree features that make a difference in pupil accomplishment. The intent of the survey was to place a new concept academic optimism that is holding a positive attitude towards the academic accomplishment and towards instruction and so explicate the pupil accomplishment while commanding socioeconomic position ( Hoy et al, 2006 ) .RationaleA degree pupils are largely at the age of stripling which is the peak clip to make up one's mind their calling and personality development is finishing and they are traveling through tonss of emotional perturbations because there is a batch of surveies pressure which can take to depression and low self-pride and sometimes resulted in self-destruction so the survey will assist to understand that being positive and emotionally intelligent pupils will be dining in academic accomplishment. It will supply the degree of optimism in A degree pupils that ca n assist instructors and parents to develop optimism in their striplings because optimism is non ever inborn, it can b erudite every bit good. It will uncover the relationship of optimism, emotional intelligence and academic accomplishment to ease the pupils opt their line of concern chances, and calling choice. A degrees pupils are taken as a sample because of their more or less same socio economic position.HypothesissThe survey hypothesized that: There is a positive correlativity between emotional intelligence and optimism with academic accomplishment. The more higher the emotional intelligence and optimism the greater will be the academic accomplishment.MethodParticipantsFor the present survey â€Å" Purposive sampling technique † was used for the sample choice, the sample consisted of the 45 misss and male childs in equal figure from the British schools ( Cambridge board and Edexcel affiliated schools ) of Rawalpindi. Data was collected from three schools including Froebel ‘s, Saint Marry and Roots School System. All the pupils of A Levels from these schools were taken as the sample and the age of participants ranged from 16-20 old ages. Inclusion Standards All the striplings ‘ age runing from 16 – 22 old ages and pupils of Angstrom degrees were the portion of the survey. New initiations or the pupils at least in school for more than one twelvemonth were besides included in the sample. Exclusion Standards Adolescents with any disablement ( mental or physical ) and below age 16 old ages or above 20 old ages were non included in the survey.InstrumentThe protocol consists of the followers: Data Demographic Sheet Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test ( Schutte, Malouff and Bhullar, 1998 ) Life Orientation Test ( Scheier, Carver and Bridges, 1994 )Data Demographic SheetDemographic information was collected in footings of age, gender, school, chief topic, front-runner Subject, extracurricular activities, birth order and personal rating for academic accomplishment. Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test ( SSEIT ) ( Schutte, Malouff and Bhullar, 1998 ) In the present survey emotional intelligence was operationally defined in footings of tonss on the Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test, where high tonss indicate more characteristic of emotional intelligence and low tonss indicate that the individual is non much emotionally intelligent. Schutte self report emotional intelligence graduated table is a 33 point self report step of emotional intelligence developed by Nicola S. Schutte, John M. Malouff and Navjot Bhullar in 1998. Schutte self study emotional intelligence graduated table ( SSEIT ) is based on Salovey and Mayer ‘s ( 1990 ) original theoretical account of emotional intelligence. This theoretical account comprised of four basic constituents ; the ability to acknowledge and show emotion ; being able to entree and utilize emotions to enable idea ; the ability to understand emotions ; and to pull off emotions. The most widely used subscales derived from the 33 point Assessing Emotion Scale are those based on four factors. Which were described as: perceptual experience of emotion, pull offing emotions in the ego. Social accomplishments or pull offing other ‘s emotions and vitamin D utilizing emotion. The points consisting the subscales based on these factors are: perceptual experience of emotion ( points 5, 9, 15, 18, 19, 22, 25, 29, 32, 33 ) , pull offing emotions in the ego. Social accomplishments or pull offing other ‘s emotions ( points 2, 3, 10, 12, 14, 21, 23, 28, 31 ) and utilizing emotion ( points 6, 7, 8, 17, 20, 27 ) . All points are included in one of these subscales. Respondents rate themselves on the point utilizing the five point graduated table. Respondents require mean five proceedingss to finish the graduated table. Entire graduated table mark are calculated by contrary hiting point 5, 28 and 33, and so summing all points. Tonss can run from 33 to 165, with higher hiting indicate more characteristic emotional intelligence. The points for the original Assessing Emotions Scale were in English ( Schutte et al, 1998 ) and most surveies using the graduated table have used the English linguistic communication version of the graduated table. In the present survey the original English linguistic communication version was used. Life Orientation Test ( LOT ) ( Scheier, Carver and Bridges, 1994 ) In the present survey Life Orientation Test is operationally defined in footings of Life Orientation Test where high tonss indicate that there is more optimism and low tonss indicate the pessimism. Life orientation trial is the 10 point trial developed by Michael F. Scheier, Charlse S. Carver and Michael W. Bridges in 1994. Respondents rate themselves on the point utilizing the five point graduated table ( 1-5 ) . Respondents require mean five proceedingss to finish the graduated table. Entire graduated table mark are calculated by contrary hiting point 3, 7 and 9, and so summing all points. Tonss can run from 10 to 50, with higher hiting indicate more optimism. In the present survey the original English linguistic communication version was used.Academic AchievementAcademic accomplishment was measured through the classs of the participants of their last semester ; all the schools included in the survey had the same scaling system of Cambridge System and Edexcel. The division of classs harmonizing to the per centums are given below: A* = Above 90 % A = 80 – 89 % B = 70 – 79 % All the participants fall between these classs. No participant was below 70 % .ProcedureData was collected from the British schools of Rawalpindi, three schools including Froebel ‘s, Saint Marry and Roots School System. For the intent of roll uping informations consent was taken from the school governments and the intent of the survey was explained to them ( school disposal ) . After acquiring their blessing, mention letters were taken for their schools. Consent from participants was taken after explicating them about the nature and intent of survey. Pilot survey was done in the school Froebel ‘s to look into the dependability of both graduated tables Schutte self report emotional intelligence graduated table ( r = .72 ) and life orientation trial ( R = .67 ) . Six pupils were included in the pilot survey. After the pilot study the dependability obtained from questionnaires showed that the questionnaires are dependable so informations aggregation procedure was started. Participants were taken from the British schools of Rawalpindi with the aid of well-thought-of coordinator of A degrees. Participants were given verbal direction sing questionnaires, and they were provided with two questionnaires ( SSEIT, LOT-R and demographic sheet ) and their inquiries about subject were answered. Average clip taken by participants to make full the questionnaire was about 15 proceedingss. After the completion of the informations aggregation the classs of the each participant of their last semester were taken from their school record with the permission of the school governments. Data aggregation was completed in approximately 20 yearss. After informations aggregation, information was entered in Statistical Package for Social Sciences ( SPSS 0.13 ) and analyzed the informations i.e. frequences, per centums, pearson correlativity and t-test was applied on the information.ConsequencesStudy was conducted to happen out the relationship between emotional intelligence and optimism with academic accomplishment. A sample of 50 A degree pupils ( both misss and boys=25 ) were selected from 3 schools of Rawalpindi, and protocols were administered on them. Then the informations collected was analyzed in SPSS. For this purpose Pearson correlativity was used. And besides to see whether there is any Gender difference sing variables of optimism and emotional intelligence in the information independent sample t-test was applied.Table 1Frequency and Percentage of demographic variable. ( N = 50 ) Variable Label Frequency ( degree Fahrenheit ) Percentage ( % ) Gender Girls 25 50 % Male childs 25 50 % Age 16-18 old ages 30 60 % 19-20 old ages 20 40 % School ‘s Name Classs Rootss Froebel ‘s 17 34 % 16 32 % Saint Marry Average ( 70- 79 % ) Above Average ( 80-89 % ) Exceptional ( above 90 % ) 17 34 % 1 20 29 2 % 40 % 58 % Table shows frequence and per centum of participants harmonizing to demographic variables of age, gender school name and classs.Table 2Frequency and per centum of demographic variables in footings of chief topic, personal rating of classs and extracurricular activities. ( N = 50 ) Variable Label Frequency ( degree Fahrenheit ) Percentage ( % ) Chemistry 6 12 % Biology 8 16 % Main Subject English 2 4 % Computer Sciences 9 18 % Mathematics ‘s Music Humanistic disciplines Physicss Accounting Economicss 3 2 1 10 6 3 6 % 4 % 2 % 20 % 12 % 6 % Average 14 28 % Personal Evaluation Of Grades Above Average 26 52 % Extracurricular Activities Exceeding None Indoor merely Out Door merely Both indoor & A ; outdoor 10 7 10 18 15 20 % 14 % 20 % 36 % 30 % Table shows frequence and per centum of participants harmonizing to demographic variables of chief topic, personal rating of classs and extracurricular activities.Table 3Pearson Correlation between Life Orientation Test-Revised ( LOT-R ) , Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence ( SSEIT ) and Academic Achievement. Optimism Academic accomplishment Emotional intelligence Percept of emotion Pull offing emotion in ego Using emotion Optimism–.322* .367** .134 .495** .245 Academic accomplishment .322*–.421** .204 .398** .421** Emotional intelligence .367** .421**–.755** .866** .662** Percept of emotion .134 .204 .755**–.497** .280* Pull offing emotion in ego .495** .398** .866*8 .497**–.511** Using emotion .245 .421** .662** .280* .511**–**pa†°Ã‚ ¤0.01 *pa†°Ã‚ ¤0.05 Table shows individual co-relation ( two-tailed degree ) between optimism, emotional intelligence, academic accomplishment and sub graduated tables of emotional intelligence ( perceptual experience of emotion, pull offing emotion in ego and utilizing emotion ) . Relationship between the optimism and academic accomplishment is significantly positive ( r=.322* , pa†°Ã‚ ¤ .05 ) . Relationship between optimism and emotional intelligence is important and positive ( r=.367** , pa†°Ã‚ ¤0.01 ) . Relationship between emotional intelligence and academic accomplishment is besides positive and important ( r=.421** , pa†°Ã‚ ¤0.01 ) .Table 4Mean, SD, and value of t-test related to optimism. ( N=50 ) Variable N M South dakota T P Optimism Girls Male childs 25 36.68 5 2.009.987 25 34 4 Table shows that there is no important difference in degree of optimism in misss and male childs. It showed that on mean tonss on life orientation graduated table ( mensurating optimism ) have no considerable gender differences.Table 5Mean, SD, and value of t-test related to emotional intelligence. ( N=50 ) Variable N M South dakota T P Emotional intelligence Girls Male childs 25 126 14.6 1.53.582 25 121 11.8 Table shows that there is no important difference in degree of optimism in misss and male childs. It showed that on mean tonss on Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test ( emotional intelligence ) have no considerable gender differences.Table 6Cross tabular matter of the academic accomplishment of the pupils harmonizing to the scopes of optimism ( N=50 ) . Variables Classs degree Fahrenheits ( % ) Optimism 0-36 Average 37-50 Above Average Academic Accomplishment A* Grade A Class B Grade 14 ( 28 % ) 16 ( 32 % ) 1 ( 2 % ) 15 ( 30 % ) 4 ( 8 % ) 0 ( 0 % ) Table shows that the pupils with A* classs 15 ( 30 % ) were above norm which indicates that the pupils are more optimistic than the pupils with B class 1 ( 2 % ) 0f norm and ( 0 % ) of above norm. A graders are merely ( 8 % ) above norm, which means more optimistic pupils perform good in faculty members.Table 7Cross tabular matter of the academic accomplishment of the pupils harmonizing to the scopes of emotional intelligence. ( N=50 ) . Variables Classs degree Fahrenheits ( % ) Emotional Intelligence 0-124 Average 125-165 Above Average Academic Accomplishment A* Grade A Class B Grade 12 ( 24 % ) 14 ( 28 % ) 1 ( 2 % ) 17 ( 34 % ) 6 ( 12 % ) 0 ( 0 % ) Table shows that the pupils with A* classs 17 ( 34 % ) were above norm which indicates that the pupils are more emotionally intelligent than the pupils with B class 1 ( 2 % ) 0f norm and ( 0 % ) of above norm. A graders are merely 6 ( 12 % ) above norm, which means more emotionally intelligent pupils perform good in faculty members.DiscussionThe present survey examined relationship of emotional intelligence and optimism with academic accomplishment in A degree pupils. Main aims of the survey were to happen out the relationship of emotional intelligence and optimism with academic accomplishment in A degree pupils that whether the pupil accomplishing high classs is emotionally intelligent and optimistic. To carry through the nonsubjective 50 Students were selected from three different schools of Rawalpindi, both misss and male childs. And they completed the protocols ( Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test and Life Orientation Test-Revise ) . Consequences indicate the relationship of emotional intelligence and optimism with academic accomplishment. Table demonstrates that emotional intelligence and optimism has a important relationship with academic accomplishment. It means that if emotional intelligence and optimism is high in pupils it would ensue in better positive academic accomplishment. If the pupil is emotionally intelligent and optimistic so he or she will stand out in his faculty members. Consequences showed the positive relationship of emotional intelligence and optimism with academic accomplishment that if the pupil is executing good in faculty members he/she is emotionally intelligent and optimistic. Relationship is besides been proved with the old research, Abdullah et Al ( 2004 ) found the positive relationship between EQ and academic accomplishment. Another survey examined that the emotions, feelings, and values are critical for a individual ‘s well being and accomplishment in life, and if these emotions are used in positive mode so it will take to success. ( Ediger, 1997 ) . Abisamra ( 2000 ) found no important relationship between emotional intelligence and academic accomplishment, the survey was conducted on 11th graders. Another survey showed the positive relationship among emotional intelligence and academic accomplishment that pupils who score high on emotional intelligence tend to hold good academic public presentation as compared to those who score low on emotional intelligence graduated table ( Farooq, 2003 ) . There is significantly positive relationship between emotional intelligence and academic accomplishment ( r=.421** , pa†°Ã‚ ¤0.01 ) which means the pupil making good in his/her faculty members besides scored high on emotional intelligence ( see Table 3 ) .A The relationship of optimism and academic accomplishment has besides been proved with old researches, optimism leads to break academic public presentation as optimistic persons can break trade with the stressors and therefore they give better consequences ( Whipple, & A ; Gootman, 2001 ) . Another survey conducted by Pajares ( 2001 ) findings indicates that concepts like optimism drawn from positive psychological science can assist explicate academic motive and accomplishment. The optimistic pupil can break header with his/her the day-to-day stressors of academic life and have the positive outlooks for the hereafter, consequences showed the significantly positive relationship between optimism and academic accomplishment ( r=.322* , pa†°Ã‚ ¤0.05 ) ( see Table 3 ) . Consequences on gender difference indicated no important difference in misss and male childs. It reveals that no gender differences sing emotional intelligence and optimism. T-test was applied to see the gender difference in informations. It revealed the same consequences as concluded by the Heinonen ( 2006 ) and his co-workers ; they besides concluded that there is no gender difference on LOT-R mensurating optimism. T-Test applied on the life orientation test-revised ( mensurating optimism ) for gender difference showed that there is no important difference in degree of optimism in male and female ( t=2.009, p=.987 ) ( see Table 4 ) . T-Test was applied to see the gender difference in emotional intelligence and it was revealed that no important difference in misss and male childs ( t=1.53, p=.582 ) ( see Table 4 ) . Cross tabular matter was applied to see the scopes and the degrees of the both graduated tables harmonizing to the academic accomplishment ( classs ) of the pupils, it was revealed that the pupils with class A* are more optimistic than the class B pupils, it proves the hypotheses that the more optimistic pupils achieve high classs or are academically good ( see Table 6 ) . Cross tabular matter of the emotional intelligence harmonizing to academic accomplishment besides proves that the emotionally intelligent pupils performed good on faculty members ( see Table 7 ) . On the bases of present survey it is recommended that in future surveies on striplings sample size should be big and besides striplings from other schools ( Urdu medium, Government schools etc ) should be included. Emotional intelligence and optimism can be studied among patients with different diseases to see how these two qualities consequence their recovery rate and how these two consequence their life manners. These graduated tables of emotional intelligence and optimism can be translated in Urdu and validated so can be applied on larger population in Pakistan. The restriction of the present survey is that the sample size ( N=50 ) was smaller and the clip was really limited to carry on a survey that can be generalized to whole Pakistan ‘s pupils.

Marxism essays

Marxism essays Marxs work seems to be more of a criticism of Hegelian and other philosophy, than a statement of his own philosophy. While Hegel felt that philosophy explained reality, Marx felt that philosophy should be made into reality, a hard thing to do. He thought that one must not just look at and inspect the world, but must try to transform the world, much like Jean Paul Sartres view that man must choose what is best for the world; and he will do so. Marx is unique from other philosophers in that he chooses to regard man as an individual, a human being. This is evident in his Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844. There, he declares that man is a natural being who is endowed with natural [and] vital powers that exist in him as aptitudes [and] instincts.1 Humans simply struggle with nature for the satisfaction of mans needs. From this struggle comes mans awareness of himself as an individual and as something separate from nature. Therefore, he seeks to oppose nature. He sees that history is just the story of man creating and re-creating himself and sees that man creates himself, and that a god has no part in it. This might explain the communist belief in no religion. Marx also says that the more man works as a laborer, the less he has to consume for himself because his product and labor are estranged from him. Marx says that because the work of the laborer is taken away and does not belong to the him, the laborer loses his rightful existence and is made alien to himself. Private property becomes a product and cause of alienated labor and through that, causes disharmony. Alienated labor is seen as the consequence of market product, the division of labor, and the division of society Therefore, capitalism, which encourages the possession of private property, enco ...

Words as Words

Words as Words Words as Words Words as Words By Mark Nichol Using italics and quotation marks to emphasize words and phrases is a useful technique, but for the sake of clarity, such formatting should be used only in the manner described in this post. Italics help readers understand that a word is being presented as the label for a concept and not as a concept itself, just as when one italicizes a letter when one writes â€Å"the letter a† or â€Å"It looks like a z to me.† For example, note the difference in the use of the key word in these sentences: Monarchy is a form of government headed by a king or queen. Monarchy is defined as â€Å"a form of government headed by a king or queen.† The first sentence begins by using a word to identify a form of government- a concept. The second sentence defines the word; it is used to refer not to the concept of the form of government but to the lexical label for the form of government: â€Å"One form of government is monarchy,† but â€Å"The word is monarchy.† Note that the second sentence does not need to specify the word-as-a-word status of monarchy (â€Å"The word monarchy is defined as . . . .†), just as I don’t need to do so in the sentence you are reading right now, but sometimes, as in the last sentence in the previous paragraph, a phrase such as â€Å"the word† occurs naturally. Here’s another example in which a word’s status as a word is explicit: â€Å"I think that the word you are looking for is irony.† And here are two examples that point out the distinction between a word describing a concept and a word used as a word: â€Å"Such a word is called a misnomer,† but â€Å"The word for this is misnomer.† What if the term consists of more than one word? The editor’s desire for order and consistency supports italicization, but enclose phrases as phrases in quotation marks. (Says the grammar cop, â€Å"I don’t make up the rules, ma’am- I just enforce them.†) For example, one would write, â€Å"The phrase in question is ‘plausible denial.’† (Use double quotation marks for a phrase as a phrase such as â€Å"plausible denial†; I used single quotation marks in the example because they appear within a quotation that uses double quotation marks.) Note the distinction between phrase as label for concept and phrase as phrase in these examples: â€Å"Such office settings came to be called cube farms,† but â€Å"Someone came up with the phrase ‘cube farm.’† In addition, in textbooks and instructional manuals, words and phrases are often italicized when the concepts they represent are introduced, even if they are not being identified as words as words. (Sometimes, they are formatted in boldface, but usually this emphasis indicates that these terms are introduced as new vocabulary and defined in a glossary.) In such cases, the emphasis is provided in the first reference only; all subsequent uses of the term are not italicized. Some examples in which words might be emphasized in an educational context (but ordinarily need no emphasis) follow: â€Å"In general, this concept is called contradiction or paradox.† â€Å"This is an example of an idiom.† â€Å"Distinguish between the concepts of fitness and adaptation in evolution.† Two key exceptions in the use of italics for emphasis are writing proper nouns (for example, â€Å"The second p in PayPal is also capitalized†)- though italicizing proper nouns may enhance clarity- and conveying speech (â€Å"Many people say ‘myself’ when they should say ‘me’†); communicating what one might write is more of a gray area, but in these posts, I italicize in such cases (â€Å"Insert that into the sentence†). Italics are used for other forms of emphasis: For example, foreign words (and phrases) are italicized to emphasize their outsider status. (However, many such terms have been adopted into English, so check a dictionary before formatting a foreign-seeming word or phrase; if it has an entry, it is considered an English term and should not be emphasized.) Again, as in the case of introduced concepts and vocabulary, italicize such terms on first reference only (unless just a few instances are scattered throughout a long piece of content; use your judgment in such cases). Italics are also employed to signal an emphasis that would not otherwise be communicated. For example, in the sentence â€Å"It was him!† the default emphasis is on him, conveying that the focus of the sentence is on the identity of a person. But â€Å"It was him!† shifts the emphasis to the verb, communicating that one’s earlier suspicion has been confirmed. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What is the Difference Between "These" and "Those"?"Confused With" and "Confused About"20 Classic Novels You Can Read in One Sitting

Marketing Plan for the Successful Entry of Apple Inc into the Indian Essay

Marketing Plan for the Successful Entry of Apple Inc into the Indian Market - Essay Example According to the essay the marketing mix, which includes the product, price, place, and promotion, is also discussed as a sub topic in the paper used to devise ways of creating strategies to market the Apple products in the forth-coming years. The key findings in the study are that Apple products are of high quality and hence sold at high prices hence attracts mainly wealthy customers. It is therefore recommended that the company strategize ways to reduce their prices to attract many customers. India is a developing nation and Apple Inc will benefit a lot by ensuring the new products they offer in the existing markets are of high quality and long lasting.From this paper it is clear that marketing activities involves promoting the products and services to make people in the community know that they exist and they use strategies such as advertising, marketing communications and public relations to ensure that they reach many people. Marketers design products in a way that that makes th em durable by using pricing and marketing research tools.  The report in this paper is going to define and evaluate the role of marketing in the Apple Inc. responding to launching of new products and services in its existing market in India. The strategic options available for the company together with justifications why the competitive strategy was developed as part of the plan of Apple Inc. in India will be evaluated.

Migration and the Children of Haiti Dissertation

Migration and the Children of Haiti - Dissertation Example In the current setting, migration has been occurring due to a variety of reasons, some of these being personal life choices, and other reasons based on economic necessity. Regardless of reasons however, its impact on the migrants has always been considered significant, bringing forth both negative and the positive impacts on these migrants. Among children, such impact has even been more significant because of their vulnerabilities and adjustment requirements. This paper shall discuss the impact of migration on the children of Haiti, including the social, economic, psychological, and educational burdens and benefits which migration has brought to these children. Body Throughout the years, millions of Haitians have migrated to other countries, mostly in North America, including the Dominican Republic, United States, Cuba, Mexico, Canada, and the Bahamas, France, Turkey, Jamaica, Venezuela, Brazil, and Puerto Rico. There are about 1.2 million Haitians in the US, about 200,000 in Canada, and one million in the Dominican Republic (Wassem, 2003, p. 1). Some of these Haitians have left their children in Haiti while they have left their home country to seek better fortunes. Their reasons for migrating have mostly revolved around political oppression, economic difficulties, limited opportunities, and similar socio-economic issues. Last year’s January 7.0 magnitude earthquake which devastated the country sent even more Haitians out of their homeland. In the US, the Department of Homeland Security was prompted to extend the Temporary Protected Status for Haitians arriving in the US prior to the earthquake (Zissis, 2010). After this declaration, the DHS also declared humanitarian parole to Haitian orphans, allowing them to enter the US under emergency conditions for the administration of medical care (Zissis, 2010). About 500 of these orphans were granted refuge in the US because of this parole; those with appropriate papers issued by the Haitian government were all owed to be put up for adoption. The disaster in Haiti has caused the widespread migration of many Haitians including their children. Such migration has impacted in various ways on these children. The impact of migration on children is seen in a variety of ways. It is seen in Haitian children migrating to another country or region, and it is also seen in children left behind. This paper shall consider both types of children. Among Haitian children migrating to other countries, most of the effects of migration is seen in terms of psychosocial issues, including education, health, birth registration, and risk for child labor and child trafficking (Bakker, Elings-Pels and Reis, 2009, p. 10). In relation to psychosocial issues, there is a risk for migrant Haitian children to feel alienated from other children, including adult children due to their migrant status. Moreover, the risk of insecurity and depression is also significant among these children. Social workers in Haiti express how t he children migrants often feel psychological distress due to their status as migrants in other countries (Bakker, et.al., 2009, p. 10). Their comparative conditions in relation to their deplorable economic conditions impact negatively on their overall wellbeing as children. Haitian children represent â€Å"a significant vulnerable group, in fact 8% of Haitian immigrants are under the age of 14 and 21% between 15 and 24† (Bakker, et.al., 2009, p. 10). In effect, they are in the age where they have not fully developed adequate means of independent living; as such, they are prompted to endure even more deplorable economic conditions. In relation to education, migrant children in Haiti are often made to face hardships due to language barriers, stigmatization, and ridicule among other native children, leading to